View source for Electric energy consumption

{{Short description|Worldwide consumption of electricity}}

[[File:1990- Electricity consumption - shares by region - IEA data.svg|thumb|Electricity consumption by region. By 2025, Asia is projected to account for half of the world’s electricity consumption, with one-third of global electricity to be consumed in China.<ref name=IEA_ElectricityMarketReport_2023>{{cite web |title=Electricity Market Report 2023 |url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/255e9cba-da84-4681-8c1f-458ca1a3d9ca/ElectricityMarketReport2023.pdf |website=IEA.org |publisher=International Energy Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315075802/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/255e9cba-da84-4681-8c1f-458ca1a3d9ca/ElectricityMarketReport2023.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2023 |page=15 |date=February 2023 |url-status=live}} Licensed CC BY 4.0.</ref>]]
'''Electric energy consumption''' is [[energy consumption]] in the form of [[electrical energy]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Electricity explained: Use of electricity - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)|url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/use-of-electricity.php|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-22|website=www.eia.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916022429/https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/use-of-electricity.php |archive-date=2019-09-16 }}</ref> About a fifth of global energy is consumed as electricity: for residential, industrial, commercial, [[Electric vehicle|transportation]] and other purposes.<ref name=":1" /> Quickly increasing this share by further [[electrification]] is extremely important to [[Climate change mitigation|limit climate change]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electrification – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/electrification |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=IEA |language=en-GB}}</ref> because most other energy is consumed by burning [[Fossil fuel|fossil fuels]] thus [[Greenhouse gas emissions|emitting greenhouse gases]] which trap heat.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ritchie |first=Hannah |last2=Roser |first2=Max |last3=Rosado |first3=Pablo |date=2022-10-27 |title=Energy |url=https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels |journal=Our World in Data}}</ref> 

The global electricity consumption in 2022 was 24,398 [[terawatt-hour]] (TWh), almost exactly three times the amount of consumption in 1981 (8,132 TWh).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Electricity consumption – Electricity Information: Overview – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/electricity-information-overview/electricity-consumption|access-date=2022-01-22|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}</ref> China, the United States, India and Japan accounted for more than half of the global share of electricity consumption.<ref name=":0" />

== Overview ==
Electric energy is most often measured either in [[joule|joules]] (J), or in watt hours (W·h).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Units|url=http://www.aps.org/policy/reports/popa-reports/energy/units.cfm|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.aps.org|language=en}}</ref>

: 1 W·s = 1 J
: 1 W·h = 3,600 W·s = 3,600 J
: 1 kWh = 3,600 kWs = 1,000 Wh = 3.6 million W·s = 3.6 million J

Electric and electronic devices consume electric energy to generate desired output (light, heat, motion, etc.). During operation, some part of the energy is lost depending on the [[electrical efficiency]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Electricity – Sustainable Recovery – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/sustainable-recovery/electricity|access-date=2022-02-10|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}</ref>

Electricity has been generated in power stations since 1882.<ref>{{cite web|title=Electricity Generation|url=http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/electricity-generation|website=Institute for Energy Research|publisher=Institute for Energy Research|access-date=27 October 2015|language=en|date=2 September 2014}}</ref> The invention of the steam turbine in 1884 to drive the electric generator led to an increase in worldwide electricity consumption.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 2015|title=Catalog of CHP Technologies: Section 4. Technology Characterization – Steam Turbines|url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-07/documents/catalog_of_chp_technologies_section_4._technology_characterization_-_steam_turbines.pdf|access-date=January 23, 2022|website=www.epa.gov}}</ref>

In 2022, the total worldwide electricity production was nearly 29,000 TWh.<ref name=":2" /> Total [[primary energy]] is converted into numerous forms, including, but not limited to, electricity, heat and motion.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=More than 60% of energy used for electricity generation is lost in conversion - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)|url=https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=44436|access-date=2022-02-10|website=www.eia.gov}}</ref> Some primary energy is lost during the conversion to electricity, as seen in the United States, where a little more than 60% was lost in 2022.<ref name=":7" /> 

Electricity accounted for more than 20% of worldwide final energy consumption in 2022, with oil being less than 40%, coal being less than 9%, natural gas being less than 15%, biofuels and waste less than 10%, and other sources (such as heat, solar electricity, wind electricity and geothermal) being more than 5%.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Key World Energy Statistics 2021 – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/key-world-energy-statistics-2021|access-date=2022-02-16|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}</ref> The total final electricity consumption in 2022 was split unevenly between the following sectors: industry (42.2%), residential (26.8%), commercial and public services (21.1%), transport (1.8%), and other (8.1%; i.e., agriculture and fishing).<ref name=":8" /> In 1981, the final electricity consumption continued to decrease in the industrial sector and increase in the residential, commercial and public services sectors.<ref name=":8" />

A sensitivity analysis on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy network model for electric demand estimation shows that employment is the most critical factor influencing electrical consumption.<ref name=":9">{{cite journal|last1=Zahedi|first1=Gholamreza|last2=Azizi|first2=Saeed|last3=Bahadori|first3=Alireza|last4=Elkamel|first4=Ali|last5=R. Wan Alwi|first5=Sharifah|title=Electricity demand estimation using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy network: A case study from the Ontario province – Canada|journal=Energy|year=2013|volume=49|pages=323–328 |doi=10.1016/j.energy.2012.10.019}}</ref> The study used six parameters as input data, employment, [[GDP]], dwelling, population, [[heating degree day]] and [[cooling degree day]], with electricity demand as output variable.<ref name=":9" />

== World electricity consumption ==

{{see also|List of countries by electricity consumption}}

The table lists 45 electricity-consuming countries, which used about 22,000 TWh. These countries comprise about 90% of the final consumption of 190+ countries. The final consumption to generate this electricity is provided for every country. The data is from 2022.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Data tables – Data & Statistics|url=https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tables|access-date=2022-01-25|website=IEA|language=en-GB|archive-date=2022-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119020034/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tables|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Population, total {{!}} Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL|access-date=2022-01-25|website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref>

In 2022, OECD's final electricity consumption was over 10,000 TWh.<ref name=":0" /> In that year, the industrial sector consumed about 42.2% of the electricity, with the residential sector consuming nearly 26.8%, the commercial and public services sectors consuming about 21.1%, the transport sector consuming nearly 1.8%, and the other sectors (such as agriculture and fishing) consuming nearly 8.1%.<ref name=":8" /> In recent decades, the consumption in the residential and commercial and public services sectors has grown, while the industry consumption has declined.<ref name=":0" /> More recently, the transport sector has witnessed an increase in consumption with the growth in the [[electric vehicle]] market.<ref name=":0" />  
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! data-sort-type="number" | Rank Data 2022
! Country  
! data-sort-type="number" | Final consumption<br />(TWh) 
! data-sort-type="number" | Population<br />(millions) 
! data-sort-type="number" | [[Per capita]] consumption<br /> (MWh)
|-
|— || '''WORLD''' || 24,398 || 7,960 || 3.07
|-
| 1 || {{flag|China}} || 7,214 || 1,443 || 5
|-
| 2 || {{flag|United States}} || 4,272 || 336 || 12.71
|-
| 3 || {{flag|India}} || 1,403 || 1,401 || 1
|-
| 4 || {{flag|Japan}} || 1,132 || 126 || 8.98
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Russia}} || 934 || 146 || 6.4
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Canada}} || 595 || 38.1 || 15.62
|-
| 7 || {{flag|South Korea}} || 553 || 51.2 || 10.8
|-
| 8 || {{flag|Brazil}} || 550 || 215 || 2.56
|-
| 9 || {{flag|Germany}} || 539 || 82.2 || 6.55
|-
| 10 || {{flag|France}} || 463 || 67.7 || 6.84
|-
| 11 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 317 || 36 || 8.81
|-
| 12 || {{flag|United Kingdom}} || 312 || 68.4 || 4.56
|-
| 13 || {{flag|Indonesia}} || 308 || 276 || 1.17
|-
| 14 || {{flag|Italy}} || 300 || 60 || 5
|-
| 15 || {{flag|Mexico}} || 296 || 127 || 2.33
|-
| 16 || {{flag|Iran}}|| 280 || 83.3 || 3.36
|-
| 17 || {{flag|Turkey}} || 264 || 84 || 3.14
|-
| 18 || {{flag|Taiwan}} || 257 || 23.8<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan)|url=https://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=9|access-date=2022-01-25|website=eng.stat.gov.tw}}</ref>|| 10.8
|-
| 19 || {{flag|Spain}} || 246 || 46.8 || 5.26
|-
| 20 || {{flag|South Africa}} || 233 || 60 || 3.88
|-
| 21 || {{flag|Australia}} || 225 || 26 || 8.65
|-
| 22 || {{flag|Vietnam}} || 220 || 100 || 2.2
|-
| 23 || {{flag|Thailand}} || 203 || 70 || 2.9
|-
| 24 || {{flag|Malaysia}} || 170 || 33.2 || 5.12
|-
| 25 || {{flag|Egypt}} || 168 || 105 || 1.6
|-
| 26 || {{flag|Poland}} || 156 || 37.5 || 4.17
|-
| 27 || {{flag|Ukraine}} || 154 || 43.2 || 3.56
|-
| 28 || {{flag|Sweden}} || 147 || 10.2 || 14.4
|-
| 29 || {{flag|Argentina}} || 138 || 46 || 3
|-
| 30 || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 136 || 10.2 || 13.33
|-
| 31 || {{flag|Norway}} || 128 || 5.5 || 23.27
|-
| 32 || {{flag|Pakistan}} || 124 || 226 || 0.55
|-
| 33 || {{flag|Netherlands}} || 120 || 17.5 || 6.86
|-
| 34 || {{flag|Belgium}} || 98 || 11.8 || 8.33
|-
| 35 || {{flag|Finland}} || 90 || 5.6 || 16.03
|-
| 36 || {{flag|Chile}} || 84 || 19.2 || 4.38
|-
| 37 || {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 75 || 18.7 || 4
|-
| 38 || {{flag|Austria}} || 73 || 9.1 || 8.02
|-
| 39 || {{flag|Venezuela}} || 72 || 28.1 || 2.56
|-
| 40 || {{flag|Algeria}} || 66 || 44 || 1.5
|-
| 41 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || 62 || 9.3 || 6.67
|-
| 42 || {{flag|Israel}} || 59 || 9.4 || 6.27
|-
| 43 || {{flag|New Zealand}} || 43 || 5 || 8.6
|-
| 44 || {{flag|Denmark}} || 35 || 5.8 || 6.02
|-
| 45 || {{flag|Ireland}} || 28 || 5.5 || 5.1
|}

=== Consumption per capita ===
The final consumption divided by the number of inhabitants provides a country's consumption per capita. In Western Europe, this is between 4 and 8 MWh/year.<ref name=":2" /> (1 MWh = 1,000 kWh) In Scandinavia, the United States, Canada, Taiwan, South Korea, Australia, Japan and the United Kingdom, the per capita consumption is higher; however, in developing countries, it is much lower.<ref name=":2" /> The world's average was about 3 MWh/year in 2022.<ref name=":2" /> Very low consumption levels, such as those in [[Philippines]], not included in the table, indicate that many inhabitants are not connected to the electricity grid, and that is the reason why some of the world's most populous countries, incl. [[Nigeria]] and [[Bangladesh]], do not appear in the table.<ref name=":3" />

== Electricity generation and GDP ==
The table lists 30 countries, which represent about 76% of the world population, 84% of the world GDP, and  85% of the world electricity generation.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> Productivity per electricity generation (concept similar to [[energy intensity]]) can be measured by dividing GDP over the electricity generated. The data is from 2019.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=GDP (current US$) {{!}} Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD|access-date=2022-02-02|website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Statistical Review of World Energy {{!}} Energy economics {{!}} Home|url=https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html|access-date=2022-02-03|website=bp global|language=en}}</ref> 

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|- bgcolor="#ececec" 
|+ Electricity Generation (2019) and GDP (PPP) (2019)
! style="background-color: #edf3fe" | Country 
! style="background-color: #edf3fe" | Population, <br />millions 
! style="background-color: #edf3fe" data-sort-type="number" | rank* 
! style="background-color: #ffc;" | GDP (PPP),<br />billions (USD)
! style="background-color: #ffc;" data-sort-type="number" | rank* 
! style="background-color: #ffc;" | GDP (PPP) <br />per capita 
! style="background-color: #ffc;" data-sort-type="number" | rank* 
! style="background-color: #dfd;" | Electricity <br />generation <br />(GWh/yr) 
! style="background-color: #dfd;" data-sort-type="number" | rank* 
! style="background-color: #ffc;" | GDP (PPP) <br />/kWh*
|-
| align=left | {{flag|China}}
| 1,407 || 1 || $14,280 || 2 || $10,149 || 15 || 7,503,428 || 1 || $1.9
|-
| align=left | {{flag|India}}
| 1,366 || 2 || $2,871 || 6 || $2,102 || 26 || 1,603,675 || 3 || $1.8
|-
| align=left | {{flag|USA}}
| 328 || 3 || $21,433 || 1 || $65,345 || 1 || 4,411,159 || 2 || $4.9
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Indonesia}}
| 270.6 || 4 || $1,119 || 16 || $4,135 || 20 || 278,942 || 17 || $4.0
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Brazil}}
| 211 || 6 || $1,878 || 9 || $8,900 || 18 || 626,328 || 7 || $3.0
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Pakistan}}
| 216.6 || 5 || $279 || 26 || $1,288 || 28 || 138,626 || 24 || $2.0
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| 163 || 8 || $302 || 25 || $1,853 || 27 || 89,672 || 27 || $3.4
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Nigeria}}
| 201 || 7 || $448 || 22 || $2,229 || 25 || 33,552<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 29, 2021|title=Energy Profile: Nigeria|url=https://www.irena.org/IRENADocuments/Statistical_Profiles/Africa/Nigeria_Africa_RE_SP.pdf|access-date=February 2, 2022|website=International Renewable Energy Agency}}</ref>|| 28 || $13.4
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Russia}}
| 144 || 9 || $1,687 || 11 || $11,715 || 14 || 1,118,143 || 4 || $1.5
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Japan}}
| 126 || 11 || $5,149 || 3 || $40,865 || 7 || 1,030,286 || 5 || $5.0
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Mexico}}
| 127.6 || 10 || $1,269 || 15 || $9,945 || 16 || 322,584 || 13 || $3.9
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Philippines}}
| 108 || 13 || $377 || 23 || $3,491 || 21 || 106,041 || 26 || $3.6
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Vietnam}}
| 96.5 || 15 || $262 || 27 || $2,715 || 24 || 227,461 || 21 || $1.2
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| 112 || 12 || $96 || 29 || $857 || 29 || 14,553<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 29, 2021|title=Energy Profile: Ethiopia|url=https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html|access-date=February 2, 2022|website=International Renewable Energy Agency}}</ref>|| 29 || $6.6
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Egypt}}
| 100.4 || 14 || $303 || 24 || $3,018 || 23 || 200,563 || 22 || $1.5
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Germany}}
| 83 || 18 || $3,888 || 4 || $46,843 || 4 || 609,406 || 8 || $6.4
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Turkey}}
| 83.5 || 17 || $761 || 19 || $9,114 || 17 || 303,898 || 15 || $2.5
|-
| align=left | {{flag|DR Congo}}
| 86.8 || 16 || $50 || 30 || $576 || 30 || 9,990<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 29, 2021|title=Energy Profile: Democratic Republic of the Congo|url=https://www.irena.org/IRENADocuments/Statistical_Profiles/Africa/Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo_Africa_RE_SP.pdf|access-date=February 2, 2022|website=International Renewable Energy Agency}}</ref>|| 30 || $5.0
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Iran}}
| 83 || 19 || $258 || 28 || $3,108 || 22 || 318,696 || 14 || $0.8
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Thailand}}
| 69.6 || 20 || $544 || 21 || $7,816 || 19 || 186,503 || 23 || $2.9
|-
| align=left | {{flag|France}}
| 67.3 || 21 || $2,729 || 7 || $40,550 || 8 || 562,842 || 10 || $4.8
|-
| align=left | {{flag|UK}}
| 66.8 || 22 || $2,879 || 5 || $43,099 || 6 || 324,761 || 12 || $8.9
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Italy}}
| 59.7 || 23 || $2,009 || 8 || $33,652 || 9 || 293,853 || 16 || $6.8
|-
| align=left | {{flag|South Korea}}
| 51.7 || 24 || $1,651 || 12 || $31,934 || 10 || 585,301 || 9 || $2.8
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Spain}}
| 47.1 || 25 || $1,393 || 13 || $29,575 || 11 || 267,501 || 19 || $5.2
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Canada}}
| 37.6 || 26 || $1,742 || 10 || $46,330 || 5 || 648,676 || 6 || $2.7
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| 34.3 || 27 || $793 || 18 || $23,120 || 13 || 343,661 || 11 || $2.3
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Taiwan}}
| 23.6<ref name=":4" />|| 28 || $605<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan)|url=https://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=1|access-date=2022-02-02|website=eng.stat.gov.tw}}</ref>|| 20 || $25,636 || 12 || 274,059 || 18 || $2.2
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Australia}}
| 25.4 || 29 || $1,392 || 14 || $54,803 || 2 || 265,901 || 20 || $5.2
|-
| align=left | {{flag|Netherlands}}
| 17.3 || 30 || $910 || 17 || $52,601 || 3 || 121,062 || 25 || $7.5
|-
! World !! 7,683 !! &mdash; !! $87,555 !! &mdash; !! $11,395 !! &mdash; !! 27,044,191 !! &mdash; !! $3.5
|-
! colspan="10" style="font-size: smaller; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; padding: 6px 4px; background-color: #edf3fe;" |
* '''Population data''' is from the [[World Bank]]<ref name=":3" />
* '''GDP data''' is from the [[World Bank]]<ref name=":5" />
* '''Electricity data''' is from [[BP|BP Global]]<ref name=":6" />
* '''rank'''* of Population, GDP, and Electricity generation are rankings within this list
* '''GDP (PPP) / kWh''' is the amount of GDP (PPP) (USD) produced per [[kilowatt-hour]]
|}

== Electricity consumption by sector ==
The table below lists the 15 countries with the highest final electricity consumption, which comprised more than 70% of the global consumption in 2022.<ref name=":2" />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Electricity Final Consumption by Sector (2022)
|-
! Country/ Geographical Region
! Total<br />(TWh)
! Industry 
! Transport
! Commercial <br />/Public <br />Services 
! Residential
!Agriculture
/Forestry
! other 
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|China}}
| 7,214 || 59.9% || 2.4% || 7.3% || 16.4% 
|2.2%|| 11.8%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|United States}}
| 4,272 || 19.9% || 0.6% || 35.2% || 37.4% 
|2.1%|| 4.8%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|India}}
| 1,403 || 37.7% || 11.2% || 7.8% || 21.7% 
|15.9%|| 5.7%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Japan}}
| 1,132 || 37% || 1.8% || 33.7% || 27.1% 
| 0.3%|| 0.1%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Russia}}
| 934 || 44.8% || 11.1% || 20.4% || 21.1% 
| 2.5%|| 0.1%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Canada}}
| 595 || 35.9% || 1.5% || 28.1% || 32.5% 
| 2.0%|| 0%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|South Korea}}
| 553 || 52.3% || 0.6% || 31.4% || 12.7% 
| 2.5%|| 0.5%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Brazil}}
| 550 || 38.3% || 0.7% || 27.3% || 27.7% 
| 6%|| 0%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Germany}}
| 539 || 44.8% || 2.3% || 26.4% || 25.4% 
| 1.1%|| 0%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|France}}
| 463 || 26.9% || 2.4% || 31.5% || 37% 
| 1.9%|| 0.3%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| 317 || 33.7% || 3.9% || 28.3% || 25% 
| 4.1%|| 5%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| 312 || 18.3% || 2.2% || 38.2% || 39.1% 
| 2%|| 0.2%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Italy}}
| 300 || 30% || 5% || 32% || 30% 
| 1%|| 2%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mexico}}
| 296 || 29% || 4% || 33% || 30% 
| 3%|| 1%
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Iran}}
| 280 || 24% || 6% || 37% || 25% 
| 5%|| 3%
|- style='background-color:#eaecf0'
| World 
| 24,398
| 42.2% || 1.8% || 21.1% || 26.8% 
| 3.1% || 5%
|}

== Electricity outlook ==
{{Update section|date=February 2022}}
Looking forward, increasing [[efficient energy use|energy efficiency]] will result in less electricity needed for a given demand in power, but demand will increase strongly on the account of:<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=World Energy Outlook 2021 – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2021|access-date=2022-02-23|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* Economic growth in developing countries,<ref name=":10" /> and
* Electrification of transport and heating. Combustion engines are replaced by electric drive and for heating less gas and oil, but more electricity is used, if possible with [[heat pump]]s.<ref name=":10" />

As transport and heating become more climate-friendly, the environmental effect of energy consumption will be more determined by electricity.<ref name=":10" />

The [[International Energy Agency]] expects revisions of [[subsidies for fossil fuels]] which amounted to $550 billion in 2013, more than four times [[renewable energy]] subsidies. In this scenario,<ref>[http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/world-energy-outlook-2014---executive-summary.html IEA World energy outlook]</ref> almost half of the increase in 2040 of electricity consumption is covered by more than 80% growth of renewable energy. Many new nuclear plants will be constructed, mainly to replace old ones. The nuclear part of electricity generation will increase from 11 to 12%. The renewable part goes up much more, from 21 to 33%. The IEA warns that in order to restrict global warming to 2&nbsp;°C, carbon dioxide emissions<ref>by fossil fuel</ref> must not exceed 1000 gigaton (Gt) from 2014. This limit is reached in 2040 and emissions will not drop to zero ever.

The [[World Energy Council]]<ref>[http://www.worldenergy.org/publications/2013/world-energy-scenarios-composing-energy-futures-to-2050/ World energy scenarios]</ref> sees world electricity consumption increasing to more than 40,000 TWh/a in 2040. The fossil part of generation depends on energy policy. It can stay around 70% in the so-called '''Jazz''' scenario where countries rather independently "improvise" but it can also decrease to around 40% in the '''Symphony''' scenario if countries work "orchestrated" for more climate friendly policy. Carbon dioxide emissions, 32 Gt/a in 2012, will increase to 46 Gt/a in Jazz but decrease to 26 Gt/a in Symphony. Accordingly, until 2040 the renewable part of generation will stay at about 20% in Jazz but increase to about 45% in Symphony.

An EU survey conducted on climate and energy consumption in 2022 found that 63% of people in the European Union want energy costs to be dependent on use, with the greatest consumers paying more. This is compared to 83% in China, 63% in the UK and 57% in the US.<ref name=":82">{{Cite web |title=2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 2: Majority of Europeans say the war in Ukraine and high energy prices should accelerate the green transition |url=https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/eu-usa-china.htm |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=EIB.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Energy poverty |url=https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/markets-and-consumers/energy-consumer-rights/energy-poverty-eu_en |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=energy.ec.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> 24% of Americans surveyed believing that people and businesses should do more to cut their own usage (compared to 20% in the UK, 19% in the EU, and 17% in China).<ref name=":822">{{Cite web |title=2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 2: Majority of Europeans say the war in Ukraine and high energy prices should accelerate the green transition |url=https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/eu-usa-china.htm |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=EIB.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Energy efficiency directive |url=https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficiency-targets-directive-and-rules/energy-efficiency-directive_en |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=energy.ec.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref>

Nearly half of those polled in the European Union (47%) and the United Kingdom (45%) want their government to focus on the development of [[Renewable energy|renewable energies]]. This is compared to 37% in both the United States and China when asked to list their priorities on energy.<ref name=":822" /><ref>{{Cite web |title="Fit for 55": Council agrees on higher targets for renewables and energy efficiency |url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/06/27/fit-for-55-council-agrees-on-higher-targets-for-renewables-and-energy-efficiency/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=www.consilium.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Share of energy consumption from renewable sources in Europe |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/share-of-energy-consumption-from |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=www.eea.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=26em}}
* [[Electricity generation]]
* [[Electricity retailing]]
* [[Energy intensity by country]]
* [[List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions]]
* [[List of countries by electricity consumption]]
* [[List of countries by electricity production]]
* [[List of countries by energy consumption per capita]]
* [[List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions]]
* [[List of countries by renewable electricity production]]
* [[List of countries by total primary energy consumption and production]]
* [[World energy supply and consumption]]
{{Div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*[http://yearbook.enerdata.net/world-electricity-production-map-graph-and-data.html World Electricity production 2012]
*[http://lebanese-economy-forum.com/wdi-gdf-advanced-data-display/?curve=EG-USE-ELEC-KH World Map and Chart of Energy Consumption by country] by Lebanese-economy-forum, World Bank data
*[https://www.iea.org/reports/electricity-information-2019 Electricity Information 2019 - IEA]

{{Electricity delivery}}
{{Population}}

[[Category:Electric power]]
[[Category:Electric power-related lists|Consumption]]
[[Category:Energy consumption]]
[[Category:Energy development]]
[[Category:Energy policy]]