View source for Grid-tied electrical system

{{more citations needed|date=October 2007}}
A '''grid-tied electrical system''', also called ''tied to grid'' or ''grid tie system'', is a semi-autonomous electrical generation or [[grid energy storage]] system which links to the mains to feed excess capacity back to the local [[Mains electricity|mains]] electrical [[Grid (electricity)|grid]]. When insufficient electricity is available, electricity drawn from the mains grid can [[wikt:make up|make up]] the shortfall. Conversely when excess electricity is available, it is sent to the main grid. When the Utility or network operator restricts the amount of energy that goes into the grid, it is possible to prevent any input into the grid by installing Export Limiting devices.

When batteries are used for storage, the system is called battery-to-grid (B2G), which includes [[vehicle-to-grid]] (V2G).

==How it works==
[[Image:Onduleur pour photovoltaïque.jpg|thumb|Grid-tied Inverter]]{{Main|Grid tie inverter}}
Direct Current (DC) electricity from sources such as hydro, wind or solar is passed to an [[inverter (electrical)|inverter]] which is [[Grid tie inverter|grid tied]]. The inverter monitors the alternating current mains supply frequency and generates electricity that is phase matched to the mains. When the grid fails to accept power during a "black out", most [[inverter (electrical)|inverter]]s can continue to provide courtesy power.

==Battery-to-grid==
A key concept of this system is the possibility of creating an electrical micro-system that is not dependent on the grid-tie to provide a high level quality of service. If the mains supply of the region is unreliable, the local generation system can be used to power important equipment.

Battery-to-grid can also spare the use of [[fossil fuel power plant]]s to supply energy during [[peak load]]s on the public electric  grid. Regions that charge based on [[Net metering#Time of use metering|time of use metering]] may benefit by using stored battery power during prime time.

==Environmentally friendly==
Local generation can be from an [[environmentally friendly]] source such as [[pico hydro]], [[solar panel]]s or a [[wind turbine]]. Individuals can choose to install their own system if an environmentally friendly mains provider is not available in their location.

==Small scale start==
A micro generation facility can be started with a very small system such as a home wind power generation, photovoltaic (solar cells) generation, or micro combined heat and power (Micro-CHP)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Du|first1=Ruoyang|last2=Robertson|first2=Paul|date=2017|title=Cost Effective Grid-Connected Inverter for a Micro Combined Heat and Power System|journal=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics|volume=64|issue=7|pages=5360|doi=10.1109/TIE.2017.2677340|s2cid=1042325|issn=0278-0046|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/263361}}</ref> system.

==Sell to and buy from mains==
*Excess electricity can be sold to mains.
*Electrical [[wikt:shortfall|shortfall]] can be bought from mains.

==List of countries or regions that legally allow grid-tied electrical systems==
{{div col start}}
*Armenia
*Australia
*Bangladesh
*Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Brazil
*Canada
*Chile
*Dominican Republic
*El Salvador<ref>[http://energiasrenovables.cne.gob.sv/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66:2017-11-13-15-45-37&catid=8:archivo-de-noticias&Itemid=60 "Normativa para Usuarios Finales Productores de Energía"]</ref>
*European Union<ref>[http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l27035_en.htm "Directive 2001/77/EC"]</ref>
*Guatemala
*India
*Iran
*Israel<ref>[https://pua.gov.il/Publications/PressReleases/Pages/20080602.aspx "Public Utility Authority" Photo-voltaic guidelines]</ref>
*Japan
*Jordan
*Mexico<ref>[http://www.anes.org/contrato_cfe/cifespe.pdf "Official Newspaper of the Federation of Mexico" Contract of Interconnection of Photovoltaic Systems] updated 27 June 2007 {{in lang|es}}</ref><ref>[http://www.cfe.gob.mx/sustentabilidad/energiarenovable/Paginas/default.aspx "Federal Commission of Electricity" Renewable Energy guidelines] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914121011/http://www.cfe.gob.mx/sustentabilidad/energiarenovable/Paginas/default.aspx |date=2010-09-14 }} updated 3 September 2010 {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*New Zealand
*Pakistan
*Panama
*Philippines (via Meralco)
*Russia (from Dec 2019)
*Singapore<ref>[http://www.ema.gov.sg "Energy Market Authority of Singapore"]: [http://www.ema.gov.sg/attachments/Consultation/20070910153008_5992_PVHandbook_10Sep07.pdf "Handbook for Photo-voltaic (PV) Systems"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025164649/http://www.ema.gov.sg/attachments/Consultation/20070910153008_5992_PVHandbook_10Sep07.pdf |date=2007-10-25 }} updated 10 September 2007</ref>
*South Africa (Only by arrangement with municipality)
*Sri Lanka
*United States of America
*Venezuela (no legal restrictions)
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
{{portal|Energy}}

* [[Cost of electricity by source]]
* [[Electric power distribution#Network configurations|Distributed network]]
* [[Electric power transmission]]
* [[Electranet]]
* [[Photovoltaic system]]
* [[Grid tie inverter]]
* [[Inverter (electrical)|Inverter]]
* [[Deep cycle battery]]
* [[Power outage]]
* [[V2G]]
* [[Grid-connected photovoltaic power system]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite news| title = Power to the People: Run Your House on a Prius| first= Jim | last= Motavalli | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/02/automobiles/02POWER.html | work = New York Times | date=September 2, 2007 | accessdate = 2007-09-02}}
* [http://www.renewableenergy.co.za/grid-tied-solar-power-systems/ Grid Tied Solar explained]
{{Electricity generation}}

[[Distributed generation]]
[[Battery (electricity)]]

[[Category:Electric power]]
[[Category:Low-carbon economy]]