View source for Research-intensive cluster

{{short description|Regions with a high density of research-oriented organizations}}
'''Research-intensive clusters''' (RICs) are regions with a high density of [[Research|research-oriented]] organizations. These regions may be informally designated, or may be represented by a formal association. Member organizations are often universities, businesses, and non-profit research institutes.<ref name="RIC">{{cite web|author=Christian Saublens| title=Regional Research Intensive Clusters and Science Parks|date=September 2007|publisher=European Commission|url=http://ec.europa.eu/research/regions/documents/publications/sc_park.pdf}}</ref>

Closely related concepts include [[research association]]s (in general), [[research park]]s, [[technology cluster]]s, and [[economic cluster]]s.  RICs differ from generic research associations in that the member organizations ''must'' be geographically close to one another.  RICs differ from research parks in that the member organizations are in separate locations within a geographical region, and are not sharing the same ''exact'' location.  RICs differ from technology and economic clusters because they focus on more research rather than on economic development ''per se'', though for-profit businesses may certainly be members of both types of groups.<ref name="RIC" />

Other similar concepts include [[technology alliance]]s and [[business park]]s. Technology alliances focus on economic development, often regardless of research-intensity or geographic density.  Business parks provide infrastructure and facilities to businesses, but there is no requirement for research-intensity and all the member organizations share facilities in exactly the same location.

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== List of research-intensive clusters ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- valign=top
! Name
! Location
! Nation
! Anchor Universities/Institutes <br> (or Companies)
|-
|[[315 Research Corridor]]
|[[Columbus, OH]]
|U.S.
|[[Ohio State University]], [[Battelle Institute]], etc.
|-
|[[BioValley (Europe)|BioValley]]
|[[Basel]], [[Freiburg]], [[Illkirch]]
|Switzerland, Germany, France
|Innovation Center, [[Unicampus]], Research Park, Technology Center
|-
|[[Edinburgh Science Triangle]]
|[[Edinburgh]]
|Scotland
|(many)
|-
|Eindhoven-Leuven-Aachen triangle (ELAt)<ref name="RIC" />
|[[Eindhoven]]-[[Leuven]]-[[Aachen]]
|Netherlands, Belgium, Germany
|(many) 
|-
|[[Global Medical Excellence Cluster]]<ref name="RIC" />
|[[South East England]] and [[East Anglia]]
|England
|Many, including the [[University of Oxford]], the [[University of Cambridge]], [[Imperial College London]], [[King's College London]] (KCL),  [[Queen Mary University of London]] (QMUL)and [[University College London]] (UCL)
|-
|[[Golden triangle (universities)|Golden triangle]]<ref name="RIC" />
|[[Oxford]], [[London]] and [[Cambridge]]
|England
|Many, including the [[University of Oxford]], the [[University of Cambridge]], [[Imperial College London]], [[King's College London]] (KCL), the [[London School of Economics]] (LSE) and [[University College London]] (UCL)
|-
|[[Innovation Crescent]]
|[[Atlanta, GA]] and [[Athens, GA]]
|U.S.
|[[Georgia Institute of Technology]], [[Emory University]], [[University of Georgia]], etc.
|-
|[[MedCity (London)|MedCity]]<ref name="RIC" />
|[[London]]
|England
|[[Imperial College London]], [[King's College London]] (KCL) and [[University College London]] (UCL)
|-
|[[Medicon Valley]]
|[[Öresund Region]]
|Denmark and Sweden
|[[University of Copenhagen]], [[Lund University]], etc.
|-
|[[Michigan Life Sciences Corridor]]
|[[Michigan]]
|U.S.
|[[Michigan State University]], [[Wayne State University]], [[University of Michigan]], [[Van Andel Institute]]
|-
|[[OstWestfalenLippe Maschinenbau]]<ref name="RIC" />
|[[East Westphalia]]
|Germany
|(many)
|-
|[[Oklahoma Research Corridor]]
|[[Oklahoma]]
|U.S.
|[[University of Oklahoma]] (OU), OU Health Sciences Center, [[Oklahoma State University]] (OSU), [[University of Tulsa]] (TU)
|-
|Oulu Region<ref name="RIC" />
|[[Oulu]]
|Finland
|[[University of Oulu]], Technopolis Plc
|-
|[[Paris-Saclay]]
|[[Paris]], [[Ile-de-France]]
|France
|[[Université Paris-Saclay]] (2014), Etablissement public Paris-Saclay and Paris Region Economic Development Agency
|-
|[[Pittsburgh Quantum Institute]]
|[[pittsburgh, PA|Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania
|U.S.
|[[Duquesne University]], [[Carnegie Mellon University]], and the [[University of Pittsburgh]]
|-
|[[Red River Valley Research Corridor]]
|[[North Dakota]]
|U.S.
|[[North Dakota State University]] (NDSU) and [[University of North Dakota]] (UND)
|-
|[[Research Triangle]]
|[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]]-[[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]]-[[Cary, North Carolina|Cary]]-[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], North Carolina
|U.S.
|[[North Carolina State University]], [[Duke University]], [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]
|-
|[[Salzburg Wood Cluster]]<ref name="RIC" />
|[[Salzburg]]
|Austria
|(many)
|-
|[[Silicon Fen]] (or the Cambridge Cluster)<ref name="RIC" />
|[[Cambridge]]
|England
|[[University of Cambridge]]
|-
|[[Silicon Valley]]
|southern [[San Francisco Bay Area]]
|U.S.
|(many) 
|-
|[[Styrian Autocluster]]<ref name="RIC" />
|[[Styria]]
|Austria
|AVL List, [[Magna Steyr]], [[Lear Corporation]], [[Johnson Controls]], etc.
|-
|[[University Research Corridor]]
|[[Michigan]]
|U.S.
|[[Michigan State University]], [[Wayne State University]], [[University of Michigan]]
|
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Phillip Raines.  "Developing Cluster Policies in Seven European Regions"  European Policies Research Center, University of Strathclyde; December 2000.
* Philip Cooke.  "Life Sciences Clusters and Regional Science Policy."  Urban Studies, Vol. 41, Nos 5/6, 1113–1131, May 2004.

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[[Category:Research]]
[[Category:Economic geography]]