View source for Safety sign

{{short description|Type of sign}}
{{About|non-traffic safety signs|traffic warning signs|Warning sign}}
{{redirect|Caution sign|the Unicode character|Bourbaki dangerous bend symbol}}
{{multiple image
| image1 = FOD点検 確実に実施せよ！ (9456300297).jpg
| image2 = Schild Militaerischer Sicherheitsbereich 6.svg
| image3 = 247 Home Rescue fire safety carbon monoxide.jpg
| image4 = Bauer Elementary (ASBESTOS-2).JPG
| footer = Safety signs. Sign prohibiting [[Foreign object damage|foreign objects]] on a runway, [[Japan]]; Military Security zone, [[Germany]]; Fire extinguisher, [[ISO]]; [[Asbestos]] danger, [[United States]].
}}
[[File:Shark spotting information sign, Noordhoek Beach, ZA.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Shark]] safety sign in [[South Africa]]]]
'''Safety signs''' are a type of [[sign]] designed to warn of hazards, indicate mandatory actions or required use of [[Personal protective equipment]], prohibit actions or objects, identify the location of [[firefighting]] or [[First aid kit|safety equipment]], or marking of [[Exit sign|exit routes]].

In addition to being encountered in industrial facilities; safety signs are also found in public places and communities, at [[electrical pylon]]s and [[Electrical substation]]s, cliffs, beaches, bodies of water, on motorized equipment, such as lawn mowers, and areas closed for construction or demolition.

==History==
[[File:USS 1914 - Danger Sign - Standard.svg|thumb|95px|left|A 'Danger' sign from the 1914 ''Universal Safety Standards'']]

===In the United States===
====Early signs and ASA Z35.1====
One of the earliest attempts to standardize safety signage in the United States was the 
1914 ''Universal Safety Standards''.<ref name="Universal Safety Standards - 1914">{{cite book |last1=Hansen |first1=Carl Marius |title=Universal Safety Standards: A Reference Book of Rules, Drawings, Tables, Formulae, Data Suggestions for Use of Architects, Engineers, Superintendents, Foremen, Inspectors, Mechanics and Students |date=1914 |publisher=Universal Safety Standards Publishing Company |location=New York, New York |pages=38, 108–109 (Note: Page 109 is missing from this source's scan.) |edition=2nd |url=https://archive.org/details/universalsafety00hansgoog |access-date=17 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The signs were fairly simple in nature, consisting of an illuminated board with "DANGER" in white letters on a red field.<ref name="Universal Safety Standards - 1914"/> An arrow was added to draw attention to the danger if it was less obvious. Signs indicating exits, first aid kits consisted of a green board, with white letters. The goal with signs was to inform briefly.<ref name="Universal Safety Standards - 1914" />
The next major standards to follow were ASA{{efn|American Standards Association, a previous name for the [[American National Standards Institute]].}} [[ANSI Z35|Z35.1]] in 1941, which later revised in 1967 and 1968.
The [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] devised their requirements from ASA Z35.1-1968 in the development of their rules, OSHA §1910.145 for the usage of safety signage<ref name="OSHA §1910.145 - Law">{{cite web |last1=Occupational Health and Safety Administration |title=§1910.145 Specifications for accident prevention signs and tags. |url=https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=514cf8439abab0248950a9314327c164&mc=true&node=se29.5.1910_1145&rgn=div8 |website=Electronic Code of Federal Regulations |publisher=United States Federal Government |access-date=17 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

====ANSI Z535====
In the 1980s, [[American National Standards Institute]] formed a committee to update the Z53{{efn|Standard for Safety Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards and Equipment.}} and Z35 standards. In 1991, [[ANSI Z535]] was introduced, which was intended to modernize signage through increased use of symbols, the introduction of a new header, 'Warning' and requiring that wording not just state the hazard, but also the possible harm the hazard could inflict and how to avoid the hazard.<ref name="ANSI Z535.4-2011 - Full Standard">{{cite web |last1=American National Standards Institute |author-link1=American National Standards Institute |title=ANSI Z535.4-2011 - Product Safety Signs & Labels |url=http://www.davis-inc.com/expert/docs/z535p4-2011.pdf |publisher=ANSI |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417061020/http://www.davis-inc.com/expert/docs/z535p4-2011.pdf |archive-date=17 April 2018 |language=en|date=November 15, 2011}}</ref> Until 2013, OSHA regulations<ref name="OSHA Adoption of ANSI Z535">{{cite web |last1=Occupational Safety and Health Administration |title=Standard Interpretations - ANSI standards regarding accident prevention signs and physical hazard marking. |url=https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2011-02-22 |website=OSHA.gov |access-date=22 November 2018 |language=en |date=February 22, 2011}}</ref> technically required usage of signage prescribed in OSHA §1910.145, based on the standard ASA Z35.1-1968. Regulation changes and clarification of the law now allow usage of signs complying with either OSHA §1910.145 or ANSI Z535 designs.<ref name="OSHA or ANSI">{{cite web |last1=safetysigns.com |title=Do I need OSHA or ANSI safety signs? |url=https://www.mysafetysign.com/osha-signs |access-date=16 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | width = 100
 | header = Various European electricity warnings in use prior to 2000.
 | image1 = Warnschild Hochspannung.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Germany]].
 | image2 = Serin on warning sign.jpg
 | caption2 = [[France]].
 | image3 = 2018-08-26 Danger of death sign, Gimingham (2).JPG
 | caption3 = [[United Kingdom]].
}}

===In Europe===
Prior to widespread globalization and adoption of standards from the ISO, most countries developed their own standards for safety signage. Text only signs were common prior to introduction of European Council Directive 77/576/EEC on 25 July 1977, which required member states to have policies in place to ensure that "safety signs at all places of work conform to the principles laid down in Annex I", which required color coding and symbols.
In 1992, the [[European Council]] [[Directive 92/58/EEC]] replaced EEC 77/576/EEC. The new directive included improved information on how to utilize safety signage effectively. Beyond safety signs, EEC [[Directive 92/58/EEC]] standardize markings for fire equipment, acoustic signals, verbal and hand signals for vehicle movements.<ref name="EEC - 1992 Safety Sign Directive">{{cite web |last1=European Economic Council |date=24 June 1992 |title=Council Directive 92/58/EEC of 24 June 1992 on the minimum requirements for the provision of safety and/or health signs at work |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31992L0058 |access-date=17 November 2018 |website=EUR-Lex |language=en}}</ref>
In 2013, the [[European Union]] adopted [[ISO 7010]] to replace the symbols provided previously, adopting them as European Norm (EN) ISO 7010, standardizing symbols among the EU countries. Prior to this, while symbols were provided, symbols were permitted to vary in appearance "provided that they convey the same meaning and that no difference or adaptation obscures the meaning".<ref name="EEC - 1992 Safety Sign Directive"/>

===In Australia===
Australian safety signage started in 1952 as ''CZ4-1952: Safety signs for the occupational environment''. It revised and redesignated as ''AS1319-1972'' in 1972, with further revisions taking place in 1979, 1983 and 1994.<ref name="AS1319-1994">{{citation |title=AS 1319-1994 - Safety signs for the occupational environment |year=1994 |orig-year=1983 |institution=[[Standards Australia]] |mode=cs1}}</ref> In August 2018, AS1319-1994 was reconfirmed as still being valid and not in need of major revisions.<ref name="AS1319-1994"/>

{{multiple image
 | align = left
 | width = 100
 | header = Examples of differences in Japanese signs.
 | image1= NoTrespassingJapan.jpg
 | caption1 = A square 'No Trespassing' sign.
 | image2 = Waning Sign in Akihabara - Performing and Selling items in the pedestrian zone are not permitted. (2011-11-12 12.20.48 by takako tominaga).jpg
 | caption2 = A vertical format warning sign.
 | image3 = ペンギンは つつきます 手を出さないで下さい (18206891344).jpg
 | caption3 = The JIS standard symbol for 'Do not touch'.{{efn|Compare with the ISO '[[:File:ISO 7010 P010.svg|P010 - Do not touch]]'.}}
}}

===In Japan===
Japanese safety signage is notable for its clear visual differences from international norms, such as use of square 'no symbols', vertical formatting of sign text. Safety sign standards are regulated by [[Japanese Industrial Standards]] through standards JIS Z9101 (Workplace and public area safety signs) JIS Z 9103 (Safety sign colors) and JIS Z 9104 (Safety signs - General specifications). While design trends have been moving towards international norms of ISO and ANSI standards, differences are still present such as the use of symbols unique to the JIS standards, using colors differently from ISO standards{{efn|Using red for "emergency button" and "emergency telephone"}} and using a combination of Japanese [[kanji]] and English.
<!--<ref name="Japan Fusion Fac Safety">{{cite web |last1=Rule |first1=K. |last2=Cadwallader |first2=L. |last3=King |first3=M. |last4=Takase |first4=Y. |title=Safety Culture and Best Practices at Japan's Fusion Research Facilities |url=https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1127223 |website=osti.gov |access-date=3 March 2019 |page=7 |language=en |format=PDF |date=April 2014}}</ref> -->
In addition to typical safety sign standards, Japan introduced JIS Z 9098 in 2016 specifically addressing emergency management needs: informing people of areas susceptible to natural disasters, evacuation routes and safe shelters from disasters. The standard's more unique aspect is the usage of maps and diagrams to provide more detailed information about the area's hazards, shelters and evacuation routes.<ref name="Aboc - JIS Z 9098">{{cite web |title=JIS Z 9098で用いるJIS図記号 |url=https://www.aboc.co.jp/business/sign/theme/bousai/system.html |website=Aboc |access-date=3 March 2019 |language=ja |date=2016}}</ref>

===In China===
Chinese safety signage is regulated by [[Standardization Administration of China]] using [[Guobiao standards|GB standards]] 2893-2008 and 2894-2008,<ref name="GB 2893">{{cite web |last1=Guobiao Standards |author-link1=Guobiao standards |title=Safety colours |url=http://www.smzjfy.com/pics/y2017/m7/d5/fn2017751928252017160fc017c1e50abc866030cdd012039e2.pdf |access-date=4 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304020045/http://www.smzjfy.com/pics/y2017/m7/d5/fn2017751928252017160fc017c1e50abc866030cdd012039e2.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2019 |language=zh |date=12 November 2008}}</ref><ref name="GB 2894">{{cite web |last1=Guobiao Standards |author-link1=Guobiao standards |title=Safety signs and guideline for the use |url=http://www.coalinfo.net.cn/noncoal/bz/gb/other/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86/GB%202894-2008%20%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%BC%E5%88%99.pdf |access-date=4 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516205436/http://www.coalinfo.net.cn/noncoal/bz/gb/other/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86/GB%202894-2008%20%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%BC%E5%88%99.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |language=zh |date=11 November 2008}}</ref> which all safety signs are legally required to comply with.<ref name="GB Mandatory Standards">{{cite web |last1=ANSI |author-link1=American National Standards Institute |title=PRC Standards System: standards Used in China |url=https://www.standardsportal.org/usa_en/prc_standards_system/standards_used_in_china.aspx |website=StandardsPortal.org |access-date=4 March 2019 |language=en |quote=GB: Mandatory National Standards}}</ref> Designs are similar to ISO 3864 and uses older ISO 7010:2003 symbols, while adding several additional symbols covering a wider range of prohibitions and hazards.<ref name="GB 2894"/>

==Sign design and layout==
Modern signage design typically consists of a symbol, warning text and in some countries{{efn|United States, Canada, Australia.}} a header consisting of a [[Precautionary statement|signal word]].

===Headers===
{{Main|Precautionary statement}}

North American and some Australian safety signage utilize distinctive headers to draw attention to the risk of harm from a hazard. Headers have guidelines for usage, where conditions must be met to dictate which header must be used for a sign.

{| class="wikitable"
 |+ Header Types<ref name="ANSI Z535.4-2011 - Full Standard"/>
|-
! OSHA/ANSI Z35.1 !! ANSI Z535 !! Signal Word !! Intended Use
|-
| {{align|center|[[File:ANSI Danger Header - 1969.svg|150px]]}} || [[File:ANSI Danger Header - 1998.svg|150px]] || {{align|center|'''Danger'''}} || Situation that ''will'' result in serious injury or death. 
|-
| {{align|center|[[File:ANSI Warning Header - 1991.svg|150px]]}} || [[File:ANSI Warning Header - 1998.svg|150px]] || {{align|center|'''Warning'''}} || Situation ''could'' result in serious injury or death. 
|-
| {{align|center|[[File:ANSI Caution Header - 1969.svg|150px]]}} || [[File:ANSI Caution Header - 1998.svg|150px]] || {{align|center|'''Caution'''}} || Situation ''could'' result moderate or minor injury.
|-
| {{align|center|[[File:ANSI Notice Header - 1971.svg|150px]]}} || [[File:ANSI Notice Header - 1998.svg|150px]] || {{align|center|'''Notice'''}} || Situations that at worst will only result in property damage and ''will not'' result in physical injuries.
|}
The 2007 revisions to ANSI Z353.4 allowed for the '[[:File:Safety Alert Symbol - General.svg|safety alert symbol]]' found on 'Danger', Warning' and 'Caution' headers to be replaced with the ISO 7010 "[[:File:ISO 7010 W001.svg|W001 - General warning]]" symbol to enable compliance with ISO 3864-1 for signs used in international situations or equipment being exported abroad. 
Additional headers designs exist, Z53.1-1968 prescribed a magenta and yellow [[:File:ANSI Radiation Header - 1969.svg|'Radiation' header]] for radiation hazards. Other headers have been created by sign manufacturers for various situations not covered Z53.1 standard, such as "Security Notice", "Biohazard", "Restricted Area".

{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=200
| image1 = ISO 7010 P002.svg
| image2 = ISO 7010 W002.svg
| image3 = ISO 7010 M014.svg
| image4 = ISO 7010 E003.svg
| footer = [[ISO 7010|ISO Safety symbols]]. Clockwise from upper left: Prohibited, Warning; Safe condition; Mandatory.
}}

===Symbols===
{{see also|Hazard symbol}}
As a means of overcoming language and literacy barriers, symbols depicting the hazards, required action or equipment, prohibited actions or items and safety equipment were introduced to safety signage during the 1990s. [[Globalization]] and increased international trade helped push this development, as a means of reducing costs associated with needing signage multiple languages.<ref name="ANSI Z535.4-2011 - Full Standard"/> Increasingly, countries are adopting symbols used by [[ISO 7010]] and UN [[Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals]], that harmonizes symbols internationally to reduce confusion, and bring themselves into compliance with international standards.

==Portable signage==
[[File:Wet floor - piso mojado.jpg|An American "Wet Floor" sign in English and Spanish|thumb|right|200px]]
For temporary situations such as wet floors, portable signs are used. They are designed to be self supporting and relatively easy to move once the task is complete. The 1914 ''Universal Safety Standards''<ref name="Universal Safety Standards - 1914"/> provided for a portable 'Danger' sign suitable for both hard floors and soft dirt. Portable signs can take a variety of forms, from a [[traffic cone]] with stick on letters, plastic [[a-frame]] signs, to safety signs mounted on poles with bases that enable movement.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tufts |first1=John |title=City installs $75K portable traffic signals to curb vehicle crashes at busy intersection |url=https://eu.gosanangelo.com/story/news/local/2020/01/29/portable-traffic-signals-installed-busy-san-angelo-intersection/4610153002/ |website=San Angelo |publisher=[[San Angelo Standard-Times]] |access-date=12 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Wet floor signs are also intended to avoid [[slip and fall|legal liability]] from injury due failing to warn of an unsafe condition.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7SPAGW1nRcC|title=Slip and Fall Prevention: A Practical Handbook|author=Steven Di Pilla|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-56670-659-9|date=2004-06-02}}</ref> They are usually yellow.<ref name="Eccles">{{cite journal |last1=Eccles |first1=Kimberly A. |last2=Hummer |first2=Joseph E. |title=SAFETY EFFECTS OF FLUORESCENT YELLOW WARNING SIGNS AT HAZARDOUS SITES IN DAYLIGHT |issue= TRB Paper 01–2236 |page=3 |url=http://www.workzonesafety.org/files/documents/database_documents/00818.pdf |access-date=11 February 2020 |publisher=[[Transportation Research Board]] |quote=The Problem Yellow warning signs are an important and abundant type of traffic control device. Yellow warning signs inform the motorist about potentially hazardous conditions on, or adjacent to, a highway. Yellow warning signs may prompt a driver to become more alert, exercise more caution, or reduce speed. Yellow warning signs are commonly used prior to changes in alignment, changes in cross section, intersections, signals, or STOP signs. Because they are relatively inexpensive, many engineers believe that installing warning signs is generally one of the most cost-effective safety countermeasures available.}}</ref> The warning is sometimes enhanced with new technology to provide audible warnings.<ref>{{citation|title=Behavioural compliance to voice and print warnings|author=MS Wogalter, SL Young|publisher=Ergonomics|year=1991|url=http://www.informaworld.com/index/779143052.pdf}}</ref>  Robotic cleaning equipment can use wet floor signs with [[sonar]] gadgetry to know when its job is finished.<ref name="Larson1998">{{cite journal|last=Larson|first=Jan|year=1998|title=RoboKent - a case study in man-machine interfaces|journal=Industrial Robot|volume=25|issue=2|pages=95–100|issn=0143-991X|doi=10.1108/01439919810204577|url=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0143-991X&volume=25&issue=2&articleid=875085&show=html&PHPSESSID=i221jg2npi6slln1mpm3avkur7|access-date=2013-03-03}}</ref>

==Effectiveness of safety signs==
[[File:Lightning warning (cropped).jpg|thumb|Information overload: Instructions of what to do when a [[Lightning-prediction system|lightning alarm]] sounds are in the second paragraph.]]

Since the late 1980s, more emphasis has been put on testing signage for clarity and to eliminate possible misunderstandings. Researchers have examined the impacts of using different signal words, inclusion of borders and color contrast with text and symbols against sign backgrounds.<ref name="Warnings and Risk Communication">{{cite book |last1=Wogalter |first1=Michael S. |last2=DeJoy |first2=David M. |last3=Laughery |first3=Kenneth R. |title=Warnings and Risk Communication |date=1999 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=Philadelphia, PA |isbn=978-0-7484-0266-3}}</ref>  In 1999, a group of designers were tasked with creating standardized warning labels for [[personal watercraft]]. The group devised several versions of the same warning label using different symbols, wording and emphasis of key phrases through use of underlining, bold fonts and capitalizing. The label designs were reviewed by the [[United States Coast Guard]], [[United States Power Squadron]], industry representatives and subjected to ease of [[Reading comprehension|comprehension]] and [[readability]] tests. Results of these reviews and tests lead to further revisions of words and redesigning of some symbols.<ref name="Handbook of Warnings">{{cite book |editor1-last=Wogalter |editor1-first=Michael S |title=Handbook of Warnings |date=2006 |publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates |location=London |isbn=978-0-8058-4724-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofwarnin00woga/page/723 723–737] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofwarnin00woga/page/723 }}</ref> The resulting labels are still applied to personal watercraft nearly 20 years after their initial design.<ref name="PWC Owner Manual">{{cite web |last1=Yamaha |title=Yamaha Waverunner Owner Manual |url=https://waverunners.yamaha-owners-manuals.com/document-viewer.php?doc_id=1c650622948458f2457bc3bc6da2c073 |access-date=13 March 2019 |page=6 |language=en |format=E-book |date=June 2017}}</ref>

Placement of signs also affects the effectiveness of signs. A 1993 study tested compliance with a warning against loading the top drawer of a filing cabinet first. The warning was least effective when it was only placed on the shipping box, but most effective when placed as part of a removable cardboard sleeve that physically obstructed the top drawer, interfering with adding files to the drawer.<ref name="Warning Design (Edworthy)">{{cite book |last1=Edworthy |first1=Judy |last2=Adams |first2=Austin |title=Warning Design : A Research Prospective |date=1996 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=Bristol, PA |isbn=978-0748400904 |edition=1st |language=en |chapter=2 - Warning Labels}}</ref>

Sign effectiveness can be reduced from a number of factors, including [[information overload]], where the sheer amount of information is presented in a manner that a reader is unable process it adequately, such as being confronted by a sign consisting of dozens of words with no paragraph breaks, or excessive amounts of unnecessary information.{{efn|name=Texas gun signs}} This can be prevented through simplifying warnings down to their key points, with supplementary manuals or training covering the more nuanced and minor information. Overwarning is a related problem, where warnings are overlooked by people due to the sheer number of warnings, such as placing many safety signs together, redundant or obvious warnings.<ref name="Warnings and Risk Communication"/> Effectiveness can be reduced through conditions such as poor maintenance, placing a sign too high or low, or in a way that requires excessive effort to read.{{efn|A top loading washing machine with a lid that opens to the side with a warning label on the lid's underside. This required a reader to bend awkwardly to read the label.}}<ref name="Warnings and Risk Communication"/><ref name="EEC - 1992 Safety Sign Directive"/>

==Technical standards==
<!-- (Do not remove) Citation for standards where an online copy can not be located and 'web cite' is unsuitable:
{{citation |title= (Name of Standard)  |year= (Current Version)  |orig-year= (Original year Published, if known) |institution= (Publishing Organization (i.e. ISO, ANSI)) |language= (If needed) |page= (Page if needed) |pages= (Pages if needed) |mode=cs1}}  -->
[[File:Danger of Death Sign.jpg|thumb|A danger of death sign in Wymondham, Norfolk.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Area
!Year of Adoption
!Status
|-
|[[ISO 3864]]<ref name="ISO 3864-1:2011">{{cite web |last1=International Organization for Standardization |author-link1=International Organization for Standardization |date=April 2011 |title=ISO 3864-1:2011 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/51021.html |access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="ISO 3864-2:2016">{{cite web |last1=International Organization for Standardization |author-link1=International Organization for Standardization |date=December 2016 |title=ISO 3864-2:2016 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/66836.html |access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="ISO 3864-4:2011">{{cite web |last1=International Organization for Standardization |author-link1=International Organization for Standardization |date=March 2011 |title=ISO 3864-4:2011 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/51000.html |access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref>
|International
|2011–2016
|current
|-
|[[ISO 7010]]<ref name="ISO 7010">{{cite web |last1=International Organization for Standardization |author-link1=International Organization for Standardization |date=June 2011 |title=ISO 7010:2011 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/54432.html |access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref>
|International
|2011
|current
|-
|[[ISO 7001]]<ref name="ISO 7001">{{cite web |last1=International Organization for Standardization |author-link1=International Organization for Standardization |date=November 2007 |title=ISO 7001:2007 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/41081.html |access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref>
|International
|2007
|current
|-
|ISO 20712-1<ref name="ISO 20712-1 merge with ISO 7010">{{cite web |last1=International Organization for Standardization |date=2017 |title=ISO/PRF 7010 Graphical symbols -- Safety colours and safety signs -- Registered safety signs |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/72424.html |access-date=22 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ISO 20712-1">{{cite web |last1=International Organization for Standardization |author-link1=International Organization for Standardization |date=August 2007 |title=ISO 20712-1:2008 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/39682.html |access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref>{{efn|Water Safety symbols.}}
|International
|2008
|superseded in 2018 by ''ISO 7010'' 
|-
|ISO/R 557:1967 "Symbols, dimensions and layout for safety signs"<ref name="ISO/R 557:1967">{{cite web |title=ISO/R 557:1967 {{!}} Symbols, dimensions and layout for safety signs |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/4645.html |access-date=March 1, 2021 |publisher=ISO}}</ref>
|International
|1967
|superseded in 1984 by ''ISO 3864:1984''
|-
|[[Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals]] (GHS)<ref name="UNECE - GHS">{{cite web |last1=United Nations Economic Commission for Europe |title=About the GHS |url=http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_welcome_e.html |access-date=16 November 2018 |website=unece.org |language=en}}</ref>
|International
|2005–2017
|current
|-
|([[International Maritime Organization|IMO]]) Resolution A.1116(30)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resolution A.1116(30) Adopted on 5 December 2017 ESCAPE ROUTE SIGNS AND EQUIPMENT LOCATION MARKINGS |url=https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/KnowledgeCentre/IndexofIMOResolutions/AssemblyDocuments/A.1116(30).pdf |access-date=2023-11-06}}</ref>
|International
|2017
|current
|-
|(IMO) Resolution A.760(18)<ref>{{Cite web |title=RESOLUTION A.760(18) adopted on 4 November 1993 SYMBOLS RELATED TO LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS |url=https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/KnowledgeCentre/IndexofIMOResolutions/AssemblyDocuments/A.760(18).pdf |access-date=2023-11-06}}</ref>
|International
|1993
|superseded in 2017 by ''Resolution A.1116(30)''
|-
|(IMO) Resolution A.603(15)<ref>{{Cite web |title=RESOLUTION A.603(15) adopted on 19 November 1987 SYMBOLS RELATED TO LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS |url=https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/KnowledgeCentre/IndexofIMOResolutions/AssemblyDocuments/A.603(15).pdf |access-date=2023-11-06}}</ref>
|International
|1987
|superseded in 1993 by ''Resolution A.760(18)''
|-
|[[CLP Regulation|Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008]]<ref name="EC Chemicals Legislation">{{cite web |date=2016-12-20 |title=Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) Regulations |url=https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/chemicals/legislation_en |access-date=8 March 2019 |publisher=[[European Commission]] |language=en}}</ref>
|European Union
|2009
|current
|-
|[[Directive 92/58/EEC]]<ref name="EEC - 1992 Safety Sign Directive" /><ref name="Council Directive 92/58/EEC">{{cite web |last1=EUR-Lex |date=24 June 1992 |title=Minimum requirements for the provision of safety and/or health signs at work |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:01992L0058-20140325 |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=EUR-Lex - Access to European Union Law |language=en}}</ref>
|European Union
|1992
|current
|-
|[[Directive 67/548/EEC]]
|European Union
|1967
|superseded in 2016 by ''[[CLP Regulation|CLP]]''<ref name="EC - CLP to GHS">{{cite web |last1=European Commission |date=16 November 2018 |title=Classification and Labelling (CLP/GHS) |url=http://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/chemicals/classification-labelling/ |access-date=16 November 2018 |website=ec.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Directive 77/576/EEC<ref name="EC Directive 77/576/EEC">{{cite web |last1=European Economic Council |date=25 July 1977 |title=Council Directive 77/576/EEC of 25 July 1977 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the provision of safety signs at places of work |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:31977L0576 |access-date=21 December 2018 |website=EUR-Lex |language=en}}</ref>
|European Union
|1977
|superseded in 1992 by ''Directive 92/58/EEC''
|-
|[[ANSI Z535]]-2011<ref name="ANSI Z535.4-2011 - Full Standard2">{{cite web |last1=American National Standards Institute |author-link1=American National Standards Institute |date=November 15, 2011 |title=ANSI Z535.4-2011 - Product Safety Signs & Labels |url=http://www.davis-inc.com/expert/docs/z535p4-2011.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417061020/http://www.davis-inc.com/expert/docs/z535p4-2011.pdf |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018 |publisher=ANSI |language=en}}</ref>
|United States
|2011
|current
|-
|[[ANSI Z35|ANSI Z35.1]]
|United States
|
|superseded in 1991 by ''ANSI Z535-1991''<ref name="OSHA or ANSI" />
|-
|BS 5499<ref name="Health & Safety (Safety Signs & Signals) - Edition 3">{{cite web |last1=Health and Safety Executive |title=Safety signs and signals - 3rd Edition |url=http://www.hse.gov.uk/pUbns/priced/l64.pdf |access-date=16 November 2018 |publisher=United Kingdom Government |language=en}}</ref>
|Great Britain
|
|superseded in 2015 by ''BS EN ISO 7010''
|-
|DIN 4844-2:2001
|Germany
|2001
|superseded in 2013 by ''DIN EN ISO 7010''<ref name="DIN 4844-2">{{cite web |title=DIN EN ISO 7010:2012-10 |url=https://www.din.de/de/mitwirken/normenausschuesse/nasg/normen/wdc-beuth:din21:154937954 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125205455/http://www.din.de/de/mitwirken/normenausschuesse/nasg/normen/wdc-beuth:din21:154937954 |archive-date=2016-01-25 |website=www.din.de}}</ref><ref name="DIN EN ISO 7010 Adoption">{{cite web |last1=German Institute for Standardization |date=October 2012 |title=DIN EN ISO 7010 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Registered safety signs (ISO 7010:2011); German version EN ISO 7010:2012 |url=https://www.din.de/en/getting-involved/standards-committees/nasg/standards/wdc-beuth:din21:154937954?sourceLanguage&destinationLanguage |access-date=16 November 2018 |website=din.de |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|AS1319-1994<ref name="AS1319-19942">{{citation |title=AS 1319-1994 - Safety signs for the occupational environment |year=1994 |mode=cs1 |orig-year=1983 |institution=[[Standards Australia]]}}</ref>{{efn|Introduced in 1952 as ''Australian Standard CZ4-1952'', revised & redesignated ''AS 1319'' in 1972.}}
|Australia
|1994
|current
|-
|JIS Z 9101 "Workplace and public area safety signs"<ref name="JIS Z 9101">{{citation |title=JIS Z 9101:2005 Safety Colours And Safety Signs - Design Principles For Safety Signs In Workplaces And Public Areas |year=2005 |language=ja |mode=cs1 |orig-year=1986 |institution=[[Japanese Industrial Standards]]}}</ref>
|Japan
|2005
|current
|-
|JIS Z 9104 "General safety signs"<ref name="JIS Z 9104">{{citation |title=JIS Z 9104:2005 Safety Signs - General Specification |year=2005 |language=ja |mode=cs1 |orig-year=1987 |institution=[[Japanese Industrial Standards]]}}</ref>
|Japan
|2005
|current
|-
|JIS Z 9098 "Emergency Management Signs"<ref name="JIS Z 9098 - Examples">{{cite web |last1=Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry |author-link1=Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry |last2=Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC) |title=JIS Z 9098 災害種別避難誘導標識システム 国際提案について |url=https://www.2020games.metro.tokyo.jp/multilingual/council/pdf/meeting_05/reference11.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303225429/https://www.2020games.metro.tokyo.jp/multilingual/council/pdf/meeting_05/reference11.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2019 |access-date=3 March 2019 |website=Bureau of Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020 Preparation |language=en}}</ref>
|Japan
|2016
|current
|-
|GB 2893-2008 "Safety Colours"<ref name="GB 28932">{{cite web |last1=Guobiao Standards |author-link1=Guobiao standards |date=12 November 2008 |title=Safety colours |url=http://www.smzjfy.com/pics/y2017/m7/d5/fn2017751928252017160fc017c1e50abc866030cdd012039e2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304020045/http://www.smzjfy.com/pics/y2017/m7/d5/fn2017751928252017160fc017c1e50abc866030cdd012039e2.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2019 |access-date=4 March 2019 |language=zh}}</ref>
|China
|2008
|current
|-
|GB 2894-2008 "Safety Signs and Guidelines for Use"<ref name="GB 28942">{{cite web |last1=Guobiao Standards |author-link1=Guobiao standards |date=11 November 2008 |title=Safety signs and guideline for the use |url=http://www.coalinfo.net.cn/noncoal/bz/gb/other/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86/GB%202894-2008%20%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%BC%E5%88%99.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516205436/http://www.coalinfo.net.cn/noncoal/bz/gb/other/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86/GB%202894-2008%20%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%BC%E5%88%99.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=4 March 2019 |language=zh}}</ref>
|China
|2008
|current
|}

==See also==
* [[Hazard Symbol]]
* [[Placard]]
* [[Exit sign]]
* [[Pipe marking]]
* [[Floor marking tape]]
* [[Barricade tape]]

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em|refs=
{{efn|name=Texas gun signs|The [[Gun laws in Texas#30.06 signage|30.06]] and [[Gun laws in Texas#30.07 signage|30.07]] signs required in [[Texas]] to prohibit entry with a firearm provides an example of this. The 30.06 sign's message, 'Carrying a concealed handgun is prohibited', is a 36 word sentence, accompanied by an identical 36 word sentence in Spanish. The preceding 27 words simply states the specific statute of the law that gives the sign legal force.}}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Wet floor signs}}
* {{Commons-inline|links=[[commons:Category:Safety signs|Safety signs]] and [[commons:Category:Warning signs|Warning signs]]}}

[[Category:Safety equipment]]
[[Category:Communication]]
[[Category:Warning systems|*]]
[[Category:Signage]]