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{{Short description|Method of increasing the pull on a rope}}
[[File:z drag.png|thumb|Typical Z-Drag Configuration]]

A '''Z-Drag''' or '''Z-Rig''' is an arrangement of lines and pulleys, effectively forming a [[block and tackle]], that is commonly used in rescue situations.<ref name="netknots"/> The basic arrangement results in pulling the hauling end 3 times the distance the load is moved, providing a theoretical mechanical advantage of ''three to one''.<ref name="rivres2nd" /><ref name="ashley526" /><ref name="paddlingmag" />
In actual practice the advantage will be reduced by friction in the pulleys or [[carabiners]]. The advantage will also be reduced if the  pull on the hauling end is not parallel to the direction the load moves in. The name comes from the fact that the arrangement of lines is roughly Z-shaped. Besides the mechanical advantage to pulling, it also uses only part of the total length of the rope for the [[block and tackle]] arrangement.

The typical configuration (see diagram) uses two single [[pulley]]s and two [[Prusik knot]] loops or other suitable [[friction hitch]]es.<ref name="rivres2nd"/> These Prusiks provide fixed attachment points on the rope that can be moved when slightly loosened. The first Prusik knot is attached to the "traveling pulley," allowing it to pull on the load. The second Prusik knot is used to hold the position of the rope and is referred to as a 'progress capture device' or ratchet. Because the tension on the line stores energy and could present a dangerous flying hazard if the rope were to break. It is also advisable to attach a towel or soft object (such as a life vest) to the end of the line near the connection to the object being pulled, to act as padding, and/or a damping device. 

Borrowed from [[rock climbing]], the Z-Drag is considered an important tool in [[whitewater]] rescue and is used primarily for the recovery of pinned boats.<ref name="rivres2nd"/> It is also considered a useful tool in many types of [[rope rescue]] because of its simplicity, and is commonly used for lifting systems that don't require more mechanical advantage.<ref name="firefighter" />

It also serves as an excellent method for tightening the rope to be crossed in a [[Tyrolean traverse]], where the other end is also fixed to a stable object.

==See also==
*[[Trucker's hitch]] - another 3-fold advantage system using single loops
*[[Mechanical advantage]]

==References==

{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="rivres2nd"> {{Citation|first1=Les|last1=Bechdel|first2=Slim|last2=Ray|title=River Rescue|edition=2nd|publisher=AMC Books|location=Boston|year=1989|pages=128–133}}</ref>
<ref name="ashley526">{{Citation |last=Ashley |first=Clifford W. |title=The Ashley Book of Knots |year= 1944 |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York |page=526, #3211}}</ref>
<ref name="netknots">{{cite web |title=How to set up a Z-Drag System |url=https://www.netknots.com/rope_knots/z-drag-system |website=Rope Knots by NetKnots |access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref>
<ref name="paddlingmag">{{cite web |author1=Jeff Jackson |title=Whitewater Rescue: How To Set Up A 3:1 Z-Drag System |url=https://paddlingmag.com/skills/safety-rescue-skills/z-drag/ |website=Paddling Magazine |access-date=21 July 2023 |date=1 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="firefighter">{{cite web |author1=Mike Pertz |title=What Is A Z-Drag and How Does It Work? |url=https://firefighternow.com/z-drag/ |website=FirefighterNOW |access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref>
}}

===General references===
* Swiftwater Rescue: A Manual for the Rescue Professional {{ISBN|978-0-9649585-0-0}}
* Whitewater Rescue Manual: New Techniques for Canoeists, Kayakers, and Rafters {{ISBN|978-0-07-067790-6}}
* River Rescue: A Manual for Whitewater Safety {{ISBN|978-1-878239-55-6}}
* Swiftwater Rescue {{ISBN|978-0-9830683-0-3}}

[[Category:Safety equipment]]
[[Category:Ropework]]
[[Category:Swiftwater rescue]]
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