View source for Zenneck wave

{{Short description|Electromagnetic plane wave}}
[[File:SPP silver-air interface 10um.gif|thumb|255px|right|The [[Electric field|E-field]] of a Zenneck surface wave at an air-silver interface. <!--with almost the same wavelength as the corresponding free-space wavelength of 10μm. The permittivity of silver at this frequency is {{nowrap|(-2700 + 1400i)}}. The picture is {{nowrap|(0.6 × 10μm)}} across horizontally.-->]]

The '''Zenneck wave''', '''Zenneck surface wave''' or '''Sommerfeld-Zenneck surface wave''' is a longitudinal, inhomogeneous or non-uniform electromagnetic [[plane wave]] incident at the complex [[Brewster's angle]] onto a planar or spherical boundary interface between two homogeneous media having different dielectric constants.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sommerfeld |first1=A. |title=Über die Ausbreitung der Wellen in der drahtlosen Telegraphie |trans-title=The Propagation of Waves in Wireless Telegraphy |language=de |journal=Annalen der Physik |date=1909 |volume=333 |issue=4 |pages=665–736 |doi=10.1002/andp.19093330402 |bibcode=1909AnP...333..665S |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1424143 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zenneck |first1=J. |title=Über die Fortpflanzung ebener elektromagnetischer Wellen längs einer ebenen Leiterfläche und ihre Beziehung zur drahtlosen Telegraphie |trans-title=About the propagation of electromagnetic plane waves along a conductor plane and their relationship to wireless telegraphy |language=de |journal=Annalen der Physik |date=1907 |volume=328 |issue=10 |pages=846–866 |doi=10.1002/andp.19073281003 |bibcode=1907AnP...328..846Z |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1424109 }}</ref><ref name="Goubau_1951">{{cite journal |last1=Goubau |first1=G. |url=http://www.nedyn.com/Goubau_1951-X.pdf |title=Über die Zennecksche Bodenwelle |trans-title=On the Zenneck Surface Wave |language=de |journal=Zeitschrift für Angewandte Physik |volume=3 |year=1951 |issue=3/4 |pages=103–107 }}</ref><ref name="Barlow-Brown_1962a">{{cite book |last1=Barlow |first1=Harold Monteagle |last2=Brown |first2=John |chapter=Conditions for the Support of Surface Waves at an Interface Between Two Different Homogeneous Media |pages=10–12 |title=Radio Surface Waves |date=1962 |publisher=Clarendon Press |oclc=595227169 }}</ref><ref name="Collin_2004">{{cite journal |last1=Collin |first1=R.E. |title=Hertzian dipole radating over a lossy earth or sea: some early and late 20th-century controversies |journal=IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine |date=April 2004 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=64–79 |doi=10.1109/MAP.2004.1305535 |bibcode=2004IAPM...46...64C |s2cid=46374504 }}</ref><ref name="Corum-Miller-Corum_2016">{{cite book |doi=10.1109/WMCaS.2016.7577497 |chapter=Surface waves and the 'crucial' propagation experiment — the key to efficient wireless power delivery |title=2016 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS) |year=2016 |last1=Corum |first1=K.L. |last2=Corum |first2=J.F. |last3=Miller |first3=M.W. |pages=1–4 |isbn=978-1-5090-2755-2 |s2cid=20413009 }}</ref><ref name="Corum-Corum_Bell_2016">Corum, K.L. and J.F. Corum, “Bell Labs and the ‘Crucial’ 1936 Seneca Lake Experiment.”{{vs|date=December 2020}} Republished as: {{cite book |last1=Corum |first1=James |last2=Corum |first2=Kenneth |editor1-last=Valone |editor1-first=Tom |chapter=Bell Labs and the Radio Surface Wave Propagation Experiment |title=Nikola Tesla's Electricity Unplugged: Wireless Transmission of Power as the Master of Lightning Intended |date=2016 |publisher=SCB Distributors |isbn=978-1-939149-67-1 |quote=Any source that can synthesize fields incident at this ''complex angle'' will launch a Zenneck wave. |page=198 }}</ref>

The Zenneck wave propagates parallel to the interface and decays exponentially vertical to it, a property known as [[evanescent field|evanescence]]. It exists under the condition that the [[permittivity]] of one of the materials forming the interface is negative, while the other one is positive, as for example the interface between air and a lossy conducting medium such as the terrestrial transmission line, below the [[plasma frequency]]. Arising from original analysis by [[Arnold Sommerfeld]] and [[Jonathan Zenneck]] of the problem of wave propagation over a lossy earth, it exists as an exact solution to [[Maxwell's equations]].<ref name="Barlow-Brown_1962b">{{cite book |last1=Barlow |first1=H. |last2=Brown |first2=J. |title=Radio Surface Waves |date=1962 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |pages=v, vii |language=en }}</ref>

Recently in 2020, it was demonstrated by Oruganti et al., that it was possible to excite Zenneck wave type waves on flat metal-air interfaces and transmit power across metal obstacles.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oruganti |first1=Sai Kiran |last2=Liu |first2=Feifei |last3=Paul |first3=Dipra |last4=Liu |first4=Jun |last5=Malik |first5=Jagannath |last6=Feng |first6=Ke |last7=Kim |first7=Haksun |last8=Liang |first8=Yuming |last9=Thundat |first9=Thomas |last10=Bien |first10=Franklin |title=Experimental Realization of Zenneck Type Wave-based Non-Radiative, Non-Coupled Wireless Power Transmission |journal=Scientific Reports |date=22 January 2020 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=925 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-57554-1 |pmid=31969594 |pmc=6976601 |bibcode=2020NatSR..10..925O }}</ref><ref>S. K. Oruganti, A. Khosla and T. G. Thundat, "Wireless Power-Data Transmission for Industrial Internet of Things: Simulations and Experiments," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 187965-187974, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3030658 .
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==See also==

* [[Longitudinal wave#electromagnetic|Longitudinal wave]]
* [[Body-centric wireless network]]
* [[Surface plasmon]]
* [[Surface wave]]
* [[Wireless energy transmission]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Electromagnetism]]
[[Category:Surface waves]]


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