Electrical safety standards

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Electrical safety is a system of organizational measures and technical means to prevent harmful and dangerous effects on workers from electric current, arcing, electromagnetic fields and static electricity.

History

The electrical safety develops with the technical progress. In 1989 OSHA<ref>Controlling electrical hazard</ref> promulgated a much-needed regulation in the General Industry Regulations. Several standards are defined for control of hazardous energy, or lockout/tagout. In 1995 OSHA was successful in promulgation of regulations for utility.<ref>Brainfilter.com</ref> In 1994 were established Electrical Safety Foundation International non-profit organization dedicated exclusively to promoting electrical safety at home and in the workplace.<ref>ESFI</ref>

  • Standard 29 CFR 1910.269 – for electric power generation, transmission, and distribution, contained comprehensive regulations and addressed control of hazardous energy sources for power plant locations

Standards are compared with those of IEEE and National Fire Protection Association.<ref>The history of electrical safety</ref><ref>"A Guide to the 2023 National Electrical Safety Code - IEEE Spectrum". spectrum.ieee.org. Retrieved 2024-02-21.</ref>

Lightning and earthing protection

Lightning and Earthing protection systems are essential for the protection of humans, structures, protecting buildings from mechanical destruction caused by lightning effects and the associated risk of fire, Transmission lines, and electrical equipment from electric shock and Overcurrent.<ref>http://www.electrical-knowhow.com</ref>

Earthing protection systems

TT earthing system

Lightning protection systems

  • lightning rod (simple rod or with triggering system)
  • lightning rod with taut wires.
  • lightning conductor with meshed cage (Faraday cage)

Physiological effects of electricity

Electrical shocks on humans can lead to permanent disabilities or death. Size, frequency and duration of the electrical current affect the damage.<ref>Physiological Effects of Electricity</ref> The effects from electric shock can be: stopping the heart beating properly, preventing the person from breathing, causing muscle spasms. The skin features also affect the consequences of electric shock.<ref>Electrical injuries</ref>

Electric shock graph
  • Indirect contact – can be avoided by automatic disconnection for TT system, automatic disconnection for TN systems, automatic disconnection on a second fault in an IT system, measures of protection against direct or indirect contact without automatic disconnection of supply
  • Direct contact – can be avoided by protection by the insulation of live parts, protection by means of barriers or enclosures, partial measures of protection, particular measures of protection<ref>electrical-installation.org</ref>

Electrical safety conductors

  •  United States (USA) NEC 2008 Table 250.122 – Safeco Electric Supply

Electrical safety standards

NFPA 496, NFPA 70

Lightning protection standards

  •  United States (USA) NFPA 780, IEC 62305
  •  Russia (RUS) СТО 083-004-2010,ГОСТ Р МЭК 62561.2-2014
  •  Bulgaria (BUL) БДС EN 62305-1:2011
  •  France (FRA) Norme NF C 15-100
  •  Germany (GER) DIN EN 62305-1
  •  Poland (POL) PN-EN 62305
  •  Great Britain (GBR) BS-EN 62305
  •  Spain (ESP) UNE 21186. Protección contra el rayo
  •  Indonesia (INA) SNI 03-7015-2004
  •  India (IND) IS 2309
  •  China (CHN) GB/T 36490-2018

Electronics and communications

Electronic products safety standards

The manufacturers of electronic tools must take into account several standard for electronic safety to protect the health of humans and animals.

  • ANSI C95.3:1972 – Techniques & instrumentation for measurement of

potentially hazardous electromagnetic radiation at microwave frequencies.<ref>"Electronic products safety standards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-16. Retrieved 2017-06-28.</ref>

Communication and high frequency safety standards

Few standard were introduced for the harmful impact from high frequency, Canada (CAN) CB-02 Radio Equipment<ref>http://www.metlabs.com</ref>

See also

Gallery

  • Danger symbol

    Danger symbol

  • Principle Protection separation

    Principle Protection separation

  • Safe distances earthing

    Safe distances earthing

  • Lightning rod

    Lightning rod

  • Extra low voltage symbol

    Extra low voltage symbol

  • Fire protection symbol

    Fire protection symbol

  • Electrical Hazard symbol

    Electrical Hazard symbol

References

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  • Дулицкий Г. А., Комаревцев А. П. Электробезопасность при эксплуатации электроустановок напряжением до 1000 В. Справочник. — М.: Воениздат, 1988.
  • IEC 60050-195:1998. International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Part 195: Earthing and protection against electric shock. Edition 1.0. – Geneva: IEC, 1998‑08.
  • Marinela Yordanova – Technical Safety, Bulgaria BDS standards, 2010
  • M.M. Dawoud, A.S. Farag, J.M. Bakhashwain, and A. Frazi,"Study of EM Fields and

Radiated Power Generated from Dammam Radio Stations,"1998

  • N. Kuster, Q. Balzano, James C. Lin – Mobile Communications Safety, Springer Science & Business Media, 6 Dec 2012
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