Trucker's hitch
The trucker's hitch is a compound knot commonly used for securing loads on trucks<ref name="nzroadcode">Heavy Vehicle Road Code, New Zealand, 2016{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)</ref> or trailers. The general arrangement, using loops and turns in the rope itself to form a crude block and tackle, has long been used to tension lines and is known by multiple names.<ref name="pawpock"/><ref name="aksday"/> Knot author Geoffrey Budworth claims the knot can be traced back to the days when carters and hawkers used horse-drawn conveyances to move their wares from place to place.<ref name="budult">Geoffrey Budworth (1999), The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Knots, London: Hermes House, pp. 224–225</ref>
Variations
The portion of the trucker's hitch which differs in the following variations is the method used to form the loop which the working end slides through to produce the mechanical advantage. The different methods of forming the loop affect the ease and speed of tying and releasing, and the stability of the final product.
The variations are presented in order of increasing stability.
Sheepshank style loop
This version of the knot uses a sheepshank,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBh7_cw2-1s&t=300s very practical, quick, traditional trucker's hitch</ref> in this kind of application also known as a bell ringer's knot, to form the loop. It is quicker to make than a fixed loop, but is less dependable.<ref name="pawpock"/><ref name="ashley344">Ashley, Clifford W. (1944), The Ashley Book of Knots, New York: Doubleday, p. 344, A quicker but less dependable lashing is based on the Bell Ringer's Knot #1148.
</ref> It is avoided in critical applications (such as securing a load on a truck) as it can fall apart under too little load or too much load, and can capsize if not dressed properly.<ref name="perryknots"/> However, this knot may be made secure by adding a Half Hitch to the top bight of the Sheepshank. This form of the trucker's hitch is least likely to jam, coming apart easily once tension is released. Different sources show slight variations in the way the sheepshank portion is formed and dressed.
Versions popular in East Asia use variations of sheep shank using either a simple half hitch<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTiGUYhW1A8 Truckers' hitch using a simple turn half hitch sheep shank eye</ref> or a double turn self crossing half hitch<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Y4xcd-e6rA Truckers' hitch using a double and crossing turn sheep shank eye</ref> or a triple turn self crossing half hitch.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9_yT8HJF64 Trucker's hitch using a double and crossing turn sheep shank upper eye, and twisted lower eye</ref> A sheep shank with two consecutive half hitches i.e. a clove hitch to secure the upper eye and to form the lower eye is more popular in the west.
Slipped overhand loop
The loop formed in one version is a simple Slipped Overhand Loop. This version is good for light to moderate loads
Simple friction loop
Another version uses a multiply twisted bight to pass a bight of the working end to form the eye of the loop. This version tolerates higher load.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvgFyqFZK54 The Truckers' Hitch - tied 3 different ways</ref>
Fixed loop
The most reliable common variation uses a fixed loop, such as an alpine butterfly loop, artillery loop, figure-eight loop or directional figure-eight loop, or another of many suitable loop knots.<ref name="perryknots"/><ref name="ashley271">Ashley, p. 271</ref> If a fixed loop is used repeatedly for tying the trucker's hitch in the same portion of rope, excessive wear or other damage may be suffered by the portion of the loop which working end slides against.<ref name="pawpock"/>
If extra loops are used to form the eye it tends to ease untying. In order to prevent the closing of the loop under load, the loop must be formed by the working end of the rope (which will later pass through the loop). If the standing end goes through the loop, it will close under load.
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Truckers' Hitch With Simple Slip knot as upper loop
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Truckers' Hitch With Twisted Slip knot as upper loop
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Truckers' Hitch With Figure-eight slip knot / noose as upper loop
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Truckers' Hitch With Half hitch sheep shank as upper loop
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Truckers' Hitch With Double Half hitch sheep shank as upper loop
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Truckers' Hitch With Triple Half hitch sheep shank as upper loop
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A version of the trucker's hitch based on the sheep shank using two consecutive half hitches i.e. a clove hitch.
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Truckers' Hitch With Figure-eight loop as upper loop. A directional figure-eight loop could be more suitable.
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Truckers' Hitch With Overhand loop as upper loop
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Truckers' Hitch With Artillery loop as upper loop
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Truckers' Hitch With Span loop as upper loop
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Truckers' Hitch With Bowline on the bight as upper loop
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Truckers' Hitch With Angler's loop as upper loop
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A double friction loop version of the trucker's hitch with even more mechanical advantage
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Trucker's hitch using alpine butterfly loop, finished with a slipped double half hitch.
Finishing the hitch
In tightening the trucker's hitch, tension can be effectively increased by repeatedly pulling sideways while preventing the tail end from slipping through the loop, and then cinching the knot tighter as the sideways force is released. This is called "sweating a line".<ref name="troublesafloat">John Mellor (1996), Handling Troubles Afloat, Dobbs Ferry, NY: Sheridan House, pp. 195–196</ref>
If the tail end is wrapped through the last loop twice, the resulting friction may render manual cinching unnecessary.
Once tight, the trucker's hitch is often secured with a half hitch, usually slipped for easy releasing and to avoid the necessity of access to the end of the rope, though a more secure finish, such as two half-hitches, may be called for. Under large loads, the finishing half hitch can jam, especially if it is not slipped; the difficulty of releasing it can be compounded by the fact that the knot is typically still under tension when it is to be untied.
Finishing with a taut-line hitch or a Farrimond friction hitch to the standing part allows the finishing knot to be tied and untied with no tension. This eliminates any jamming problems and also allows the line to be re-tensioned if necessary.
A mechanical advantage of ideally 3:1 can nearly be achieved when using an equivalent setup with pulleys,<ref name="Com">Compton, Nic (2013). The Knot Bible. Adlard Coles Nautical. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-4081-5476-2.</ref><ref name="Til">Tilton, Buck (2019). Outward Bound - Ropes, Knots, and Hitches. Falcon. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-4930-3503-8.</ref> but is reduced substantially by friction when using knots.
Cultural references
The trucker's hitch knot is portrayed by comedy duo Ylvis in their 2014 song with the same name. The lyrics and the video pretend (in a humorous way) to demonstrate how to tie the knot.<ref>Template:Youtube</ref>
