Advanced superionic conductor

An advanced superionic conductor (AdSIC) in materials science, is fast ion conductor that has a crystal structure close to optimal for fast ion transport (FIT).

History

The term was introduced in a paper by A.L. Despotuli, A.V. Andreeva and B. Rambaby.<ref>Despotuli, Andreeva and Rambaby (June 7, 2006). "Nanoionics of advanced superionic conductors". Ionics. 11 (3–4): 306–314. doi:10.1007/BF02430394. S2CID 53352333.</ref>

Characteristics

The rigid ion sublattice of Advanced SuperIonic Conductors (AdSICs) has structure channels where mobile ions of opposite sign migrate. Their ion-transport characteristics display ionic conductivity of ~0.3/Ω cm (RbAg₄I₅, 300 K) and activation energy of E_i~0.1 eV. This determines the temperature-dependent concentration of mobile ions ni~Ni x e^Ei/kBT capable to migrate in conduction channels at each moment (Ni~10²²/cm³, ni~2x10²⁰/cm³, 300 K).

The Rubidium silver iodide–family is a group of AdSIC compounds and solid solutions that are isostructural with the RbAg₄I₅ alpha modification. Examples of such compounds with mobile Ag⁺- and Cu⁺-cations include KAg₄I₅, NH₄Ag₄I₅, K_1−xCs_xAg₄I₅, Rb_1−xCs_xAg₄I₅, CsAg₄Br_1−xI_2+x, CsAg₄ClBr₂I₂, CsAg₄Cl₃I₂, RbCu₄Cl₃I₂ and KCu₄I_5.<ref>Geller, S. (1967-07-21). "Crystal Structure of the Solid Electrolyte, RbAg4I5". Science. 157 (3786): 310–312. Bibcode:1967Sci...157..310G. doi:10.1126/science.157.3786.310. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17734228. S2CID 44294829.</ref><ref>Geller, S. (1979-01-01). "Crystal structure and conductivity of the solid electrolyte". Physical Review B. 19 (10): 5396–5402. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.19.5396.</ref><ref>Hull, S; Keen, D.A; Sivia, D.S; Berastegui, P (2002). "Crystal Structures and Ionic Conductivities of Ternary Derivatives of the Silver and Copper Monohalides". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 165 (2): 363–371. doi:10.1006/jssc.2002.9552.</ref><ref>Lichkova, N. V.; Despotuli, A. L.; Zagorodnev, V. N.; Minenkova, N. A.; Shakhlevich, K. V. (1989-01-01). "Ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes in two- and three-component glass forming systems AgX-CsX (X=Cl, Br, I)". Ehlektrokhimiya (in русский). 25 (12): 1636–1640. ISSN 0424-8570.</ref><ref>Studenyak, I. P.; Kranjčec, M.; Bilanchuk, V. V.; Kokhan, O. P; Orliukas, A. F.; Kezionis, A.; Kazakevicius, E.; Salkus, T. (2009-12-01). "Temperature variation of electrical conductivity and absorption edge in Cu7GeSe5I advanced superionic conductor". Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 70 (12): 1478–1481. Bibcode:2009JPCS...70.1478S. doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2009.09.003.</ref><ref>Despotuli, A.L.; Zagorodnev, V.N.; Lichkova, N.V.; Minenkova, N.A. (1989). "New high conductive CsAg4Br1−xI2+x (0.25 < x <1) solid electrolytes". Soviet Physics - Solid State. 31: 242–244.</ref>

RbAg₄I₅ AdSIC displays peculiar features of crystal structure and dynamics of mobile ions.<ref>Funke, Klaus; Banhatti, Radha D.; Wilmer, Dirk; Dinnebier, Robert; Fitch, Andrew; Jansen, Martin (2006-03-01). "Low-Temperature Phases of Rubidium Silver Iodide: Crystal Structures and Dynamics of the Mobile Silver Ions". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 110 (9): 3010–3016. doi:10.1021/jp054807v. ISSN 1089-5639. PMID 16509622.</ref><ref>Chang, Jen-Hui; Zürn, Anke; von Schnering, Hans Georg (2008-10-01). "Hyperbolic Cation Diffusion Paths in α-RbAg4I5 Type Superionic Conductors". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 634 (12–13): 2156–2160. doi:10.1002/zaac.200800343. ISSN 1521-3749.</ref><ref>Akin, Mert; Wang, Yuchen; Qiao, Xiaoyao; Yan, Zhiwei; Zhou, Xiangyang (20 September 2020). "Effect of relative humidity on the reaction kinetics in rubidium silver iodide based all-solid-state battery". Electrochimica Acta. 355: 136779. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136779.</ref>

Recently, all solid state micrometre-sized supercapacitors based on AdSICs (nanoionic supercapacitors) had been recognized as critical electron component of future sub-voltage and deep-sub-voltage nanoelectronics and related technologies (22 nm technological node of CMOS and beyond).<ref>Александр Деспотули, Александра Андреева (2007). Высокоёмкие конденсаторы для 0,5 вольтовой наноэлектроники будущего (PDF). Современная Электроника (in русский) (7): 24–29. Retrieved 2007-11-02. Alexander Despotuli, Alexandra Andreeva (2007). "High-capacity capacitors for 0.5 voltage nanoelectronics of the future" (PDF). Modern Electronics (7): 24–29. Retrieved 2007-11-02.</ref> Researchers also developed an all-solid-state battery employing RbAg₄I₅ superionic conductor.<ref>Wang, Yuchen; Akin, Mert; Qiao, Xiaoyao; Yan, Zhiwei; Zhou, Xiangyang (September 2021). "Greatly enhanced energy density of all‐solid‐state rechargeable battery operating in high humidity environments". International Journal of Energy Research. 45 (11): 16794–16805. doi:10.1002/er.6928.</ref>

External links

• "Strukturtypen-Datenbank". ruby.chemie.uni-freiburg.de. Retrieved 2017-03-10.