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...e the density of states at the [[Fermi level]] can be quite large, and the electronic entropy can thus contribute substantially to thermodynamic behavior.<ref na | title = First-principles theory of short-range order, electronic excitations, and spin polarization in Ni-V and Pd-V alloys ...

...we are describing the number of [[Electronic band structure|electrons in a band]] using an average value, the s and d shells can be filled to non-integer n ...P. | last2=Williams | first2=A. R. | last3=Moruzzi | first3=V. L. | title="Band-gap theory" of strong ferromagnetism: Application to concentrated crystalli ...

...contrast, is affected by thermal fluctuations around the average, and its electronic behavior may require modeling at the level of [[quantum mechanics]].<ref na A macroscopic electronic device, when scaled down to a meso-size, starts revealing quantum mechanica ...

...t]] structure. As electric current flows through the voice coil (from an [[electronic amplifier]]), the magnetic field created by the coil reacts against the ma ...cribes the impedance value of the loudspeaker over a majority of the audio band. A speaker's nominal impedance is defined as: ...

{{Short description|Specialty of electronic engineering}} ...and application of devices that produce or use signals within the [[radio band]], the frequency range of about 20&nbsp;[[Hertz#SI multiples|kHz]] up to 30 ...

...=0-03-083993-9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=W. A. |last=Harrison |title=Electronic Structure and the Properties of Solids |date=July 1989 |publisher=Courier C ...on of the Fermi surface lying in the second (or higher) zones. As with the band structure itself, the Fermi surface can be displayed in an extended-zone sc ...

...rgy of the material in order to transition to another state in the valence band. ...bands, leaving the rest empty. If then the Fermi level lies in an occupied band gap between the highest occupied state and the lowest empty state, the mate ...

{{About|ground state spin structures|the excitation mode of magnetic materials|spin wave}} ...uperstructure]] in the form of a periodic modulation in the density of the electronic [[Spin (physics)|spins]] and charges with a characteristic spatial frequenc ...

...dependence is obtained, for any dimension.<ref>B. Shklovskii and A. Efros, Electronic properties of doped semiconductors (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984).</ref> T [[Category:Electronic band structures]] ...

...a magnetic impurity, and when the dot is coupled to a metallic conduction band, the conduction electrons can scatter off the dot. This is completely analo ...st10=Chang|first10=T.-R.|last11=Jeng|first11=H.-T.|date=2013|title=Surface electronic structure of the topological Kondo-insulator candidate correlated electron ...

...ing or reconstruction. The built-in electric field that results from these structures, and any other ambient electric field present in the vacuum are excluded in ...izes/physics/laureates/2000/kroemer-lecture.html Quasi-Electric Fields and Band Offsets: Teaching Electrons New Tricks]" Nobel lecture</ref><ref>{{cite web ...

...g measured can be the [[voltage]], the [[electric current|current]] in a [[electronic circuit|circuit]], or a field vector such as [[electric field strength]] or ...be expected to approximately meet this condition over a limited frequency band. ...

...as [[Free particle|free electrons]]. Conductivity can be understood in a [[band structure]] picture as arising from the incomplete filling of energy bands. ...s applied, the conduction band splits apart into a spin-up and a spin-down band due to the difference in [[magnetic potential energy]] for spin-up and spin ...

...is tightly controlled such that the grid frequency remains within a small band of ±0.05{{nbsp}}Hz.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kirby|first=B. J.|date=2003-03- ...transfer path, including the bridge, filter circuit, power line, etc. The electronic part refers to measuring and control units, including sensors and [[digital ...

...rials can overcome this limitation, since the local fields of the resonant structures can be much larger than the average value of the field<ref name=intro-nonli ...e=Physics of Negative Refraction and Negative Index Materials: Optical and Electronic Aspects and Diversified Approaches ...

...ion to the [[free electron model]], i.e. metals do not have complex [[band structures]], electrons behave essentially as [[free particle]]s and where, in the cas The two most significant results of the Drude model are an electronic equation of motion, ...

...ease reflects a synergetic combination of electrode and barrier electronic structures, which in turn reflects the achievement of structurally ordered junctions. ...ross MgO-based MTJs,<ref name=IkedaAPL2008 /> this impact of the barrier's electronic structure on tunnelling [[spintronics]] has been indirectly confirmed by en ...

...ause digital circuits to operate improperly. Ripple may be reduced by an [[electronic filter]], and eliminated by a [[voltage regulator]]. An electronic filter with high impedance at the ripple frequency may be used to reduce ri ...

[[File:WaveguideJ-Band.png|thumb|An example of a waveguide: A section of flexible waveguide used f ...the field inside.|Electric field Ex component of the TE31 mode inside an x-band hollow metal waveguide.]] ...

In loudspeakers, thermal capacities of the voice coils and magnet structures largely determine continuous power handling ratings. However, at the lower ...r is determined by the voltage rails and the maximum amount of current its electronic components can handle for an instant without damage. This characterizes the ...