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...UC Irvine Law Review |publisher=University of California, Irvine School of Law |access-date=2016-07-04}}</ref> In practical use, the cost aspect is also t ...penalties for any act done in the exercise of any right to which he is by law entitled, if he prove to the satisfaction of the court, before whom he is t ...

...ied out in an ethical manner in accordance with national and international law. ...f medical or human research studies in EU member states. Local terms for a European ethics committee include: ...

...nsnational Models for Regulation of Nanotechnology |journal=The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics| volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=714–725 |year=2006 | doi=10.1 ...] in the U.S. or the [[Health and Consumer Protection Directorate]] of the European Commission have started dealing with the potential risks posed by nanoparti ...

...academic works, such as Okeoghene Odudu, The boundaries of EC competition law: the scope of article 81.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.</ref> *Genetic engineering (also for food) must be allowed ...

...onary principle has been made a [[statutory]] requirement in some areas of law.<ref>Art. 191 (2) TFEU, Explanations Relating to the Charter of Fundamental ...for what] chosen for the Community."<ref name=EU-Comm-PP>Commission of the European Communities. 2 February 2000 [http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-00-9 ...

...'s leading net energy exporter, and was a major supplier to the [[European Union]] until the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Russia has signed and ratified the In July 2008, Russia's president signed a law allowing the government to allocate strategic [[Oil reserves in Russia|oil] ...

{{Short description|Tool used for food preparation}} ...nd may be used only in connection with preparation of a particular type of food, such as an [[Separating eggs|egg separator]] or an [[apple corer]]. Some ...

...ion]] and [[Climate change adaptation|adaptation]]), [[water security]], [[food security]], preservation of [[biodiversity]], and [[disaster risk reduction ...nancing mechanisms), with increasing attention being given to NBS by the [[European Commission]] since 2013.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Faivre|first1=N ...

[[File:Faculty of Food Engineering and Biotechnology 4.jpg|thumb|Faculty of Food Engineering and Biotechnology]] ...archive-date=November 7, 2012 |access-date=2013-03-20}}</ref> As per the [[European Federation of Biotechnology]], biotechnology is the integration of natural ...

...ted under a dedicated form of competition law called [[State aid (European Union)|State Aid]]. State Aid safeguards business activities from governmental in ...te the funds may be used. For regulatory measures, often the [[Competition law|competition/antitrust]] authorities will rule on exemptions. In case of blo ...

...title= Denialism: what is it and how should scientists respond? | journal= European Journal of Public Health | date=January 1, 2009 | volume=19 | issue=1 | pag ....S.|opinion= 578|court= Supreme Court of the United States|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/482/578}}, cited by {{Harvnb|Numbers|2006|p=[ ...

...lin-producing bacteria were commercialised in 1982. [[Genetically modified food]] has been sold since 1994, with the release of the [[Flavr Savr]] tomato. ...ing concern. [[Gene flow]], impact on non-target organisms, control of the food supply and [[intellectual property]] rights have also been raised as potent ...

...though invented and developed to solve certain perceived problems, often [[Law of Unintended Consequences|create other problems in the process]], known as ...help maximise crop yields to consequently cope with the rising populations food demands post WWII. This pesticide proved to be extremely effective in killi ...

...ut the world. For example, some laws govern methods of killing animals for food, clothing, or other products, and other laws concern the keeping of animals ...piglet's tail as part of regular practice is prohibited in the [[European Union]] (EU).<ref name="Hussain">{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Grace |title=Ani ...

...rine microorganisms)<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Natural Gas Is Formed {{!}} Union of Concerned Scientists |url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/how-natural-g ...s around lake Erie, and scattered observations of these seeps were made by European-descended settlers throughout the eastern seaboard through the 1700s.<ref n ...

...le modification and republication. Transparency measures include the 2013 European energy market transparency regulation 543/2013.<ref name="ec-regulation-543 | author = European Commission ...

...s, which have the potential to reduce dramatically domestic and short-haul European flights. The policy does not, however, significantly encourage [[hybrid veh ...nge mitigation]] policy (previously with the [[Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs]]). ...

...fore, the [[SEER|Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating]] (SEER in the US) or [[European seasonal energy efficiency ratio]] of a reversible heat pump is typically s ...|date=2018 |title=Heat pump placement, connection and operational modes in European district heating |url=http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15834 |url-statu ...

...ble energy than conventional power capacity was added in both the European Union and United States, demonstrating a "fundamental transition" of the world's ...blic acceptance and small-scale issues.<ref name="IEA" /> As part of the [[food vs. fuel]] debate, several economists from [[Iowa State University]] found ...

...erse]] as a whole. In this general sense nature refers to the [[Scientific law|laws]], elements and [[phenomenon|phenomena]] of the physical world, includ ...on the vegetation and on the animals which depend on its growth for their food. ...