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...ron trajectories in the presence of [[electromagnetic field]]s. The term ''optics'' is used because [[magnetic lens|magnetic]] and [[electrostatic lens|elect Electron optics calculations are crucial for the design of [[electron microscopes]] and [[p ...

[[Category:Geometrical optics]] [[Category:Physical optics]] ...

...This then becomes a useful tool which allows for enhancing the [[nonlinear optics|nonlinear behavior]] of the [[metamaterial]]. A dominant nonlinear response [[Nonlinear system|Nonlinear]] media are essential for [[nonlinear optics]]. However most [[optical]] materials have a relatively weak nonlinear re ...

...n for particles is generally different from the [[Cross section (geometry)|geometrical cross section]] of the particle, and it depends upon the [[wavelength]] of ...y="inline">Q_\text{abs}</math> cross sections. These are normalized by the geometrical cross sections of the particle <math display="inline">\sigma_\text{geom} = ...

...rmations''' leave the form of [[spherical wave]]s as well as the laws of [[optics]] and [[electrodynamics]] invariant in all [[inertial frames]]. They were d ...ntz group), while the group of scale transformations is only a symmetry of optics and electrodynamics. ...

...kt:invisible|invisible]]. Metamaterial cloaking, based on [[transformation optics]], describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling [[ ...ies, these materials are analogous to [[Crystal structure|crystal]]s for [[optics]]. Also, a metamaterial is composed of a sequence of elements and spacings, ...

...xchanging thermal energy. In this regime, the assumptions of [[geometrical optics]] inherent to classical radiative heat transfer are not valid and the effec [[Category:Optics]] ...

...lmholtz equation]] alongside a set of boundary conditions depending on the geometrical shape and materials bounding the region. The usual assumption for infinitel ...omagnetic spectrum]], but are especially useful in the [[microwave]] and [[optics|optical]] frequency ranges. Depending on the frequency, they can be constru ...

...rnational Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics, London, UK, August 30th-September 4th, 2009 |publisher=METAMORPHOSE VI AIS ...aded transmission line negative refractive index metamaterial| journal = [[Optics Express]]| volume =11| issue = 7| pages =696–708| date =2003-04-07|url =htt ...

...e signal distorts as it propagates, even in the absence of a [[Dispersion (optics)|dispersive medium]]. This artifact is a direct result of the discretizatio ...e to resolve both the smallest electromagnetic wavelength and the smallest geometrical feature in the model, very large computational domains can be developed, wh ...

...f>{{cite book |last=Longhurst |first=R. S. |title=Geometrical and Physical Optics |url=https://archive.org/details/geometricalphysi0000long |url-access=regis ...

...|first1=Ehab |title=A novel metamaterial gain-waveguide nanolaser |journal=Optics & Laser Technology |date=October 2021 |volume=142 |page=107202 |doi=10.1016 ...ectrical engineering]], [[Electromagnetism|electromagnetics]], classical [[optics]], [[solid state physics]], [[microwave engineering|microwave and antenna e ...

...diation, and Heat'', there are also some topics about electromagnetism and optics.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bird |first1=R. B. |title=The Feynman lect ...ast=Jerrard |first=H. G. |title=Radiation and scattering of waves |journal=Optics & Laser Technology |date=1974 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=88 |doi=10.1016/003 ...

...f name=OR08>{{cite book|editor=J.Orloff|title=Handbook of Charged Particle Optics|edition=2|publisher=CRC Press|year=2008}}</ref><ref>L.W. Swanson and A.E. B ...n from Mueller emitters is often incorporated into the commercial electron-optics programmes used to design electron beam instruments. The design of efficien ...

The emissivity of a surface depends on its chemical composition and geometrical structure. Quantitatively, it is the ratio of the thermal radiation from a |title=Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012 ...

...The shape of the entire mirror is constantly adjusted by a MIMO [[active optics]] control system using input from multiple sensors at the focal plane, to c From a geometrical point of view, looking at the states of each variable of the system to be c ...

...for example, to study [[forbidden transition]]s in media with [[non-linear optics|nonlinear optical spectroscopy]].<ref name=NRC1986/> {{rp|258–259}} ...ble systems that can model behavior of more complicated systems, such as [[Geometrical frustration|frustrated magnets]].<ref name=buluta-science2009>{{cite journa ...

...e area''', '''area moment of inertia''', or '''second area moment''', is a geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with rega ...nalysis]] measurements and used in understanding attenuation in [[physical optics]], for [[photons]], [[neutrons]] or rarefied gases. In [[mathematical physi ...

...Newton]] in 1689. His ''Principia'' presented his three laws of motion in geometrical language, whereas modern physics uses [[differential calculus]] and [[Vecto ...]. This insight united the nascent fields of electromagnetic theory with [[optics]] and led directly to a complete description of the [[electromagnetic spect ...

...]] law, form the foundation of [[classical electromagnetism]], classical [[optics]], and [[electric circuit]]s. ...vity|thermal]] and [[electrical resistivity and conductivity]], [[Opacity (optics)|opacity]], and [[lustre (mineralogy)|luster]].<ref>[http://www.chemguide.c ...