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...[electron]]s irregular when molecules get close to one another, creating [[Intermolecular force|electrical attraction]] that can maintain a microscopic structure suc [[File:RainDrops1.jpg|thumb|Rain water flux from a canopy. Among the forces that govern drop formation: cohesion, [[surface tension]], [[Van der Waals ...

...thermal energy]] is present. Substances, especially [[fluid]]s in which [[intermolecular force]]s are weak, also undergo [[compression (physical)|compression]] upon ...

[[Category:Intermolecular forces]] ...

Despite this, if the density is fairly low and [[intermolecular forces]] are negligible, the two heat capacities may still continue to differ from However, when the gas density is sufficiently high and intermolecular forces are important, thermodynamic expressions may sometimes be used to accuratel ...

...ecule with a permanent dipole moment is called a ''polar'' molecule. See [[Intermolecular force#Dipole-dipole interactions|dipole–dipole attraction]]s. ...cule. A molecule is ''polarized'' when it carries an induced dipole. See [[Intermolecular force#Debye (permanent–induced dipoles) force|induced-dipole attraction]]. ...

...action that occurs between charged particles in relative motion. These two forces are described in terms of electromagnetic fields. Macroscopic charged objec ...n [[atomic nuclei]] and their [[electron]]s holds atoms together. Electric forces also allow different atoms to combine into molecules, including the [[macro ...

...iplied by a distance to produce a moment. Commonly used quantities include forces, [[mass]]es, and [[electric charge]] distributions. ...f spherical multipoles|calculate interaction energies]] and intermolecular forces. ...

...{cite book |last=Israelachvili |first=J. |title=Intermolecular and Surface Forces |publisher=Academic Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-12-375181-0 }}</ref> ...

...[[plastic]]s. Macroscopic hardness is generally characterized by strong [[intermolecular bond]]s, but the behavior of solid materials under force is complex; theref ...[[shear strength]], [[tensile strength]] depending on the direction of the forces involved. [[Ultimate strength]] is an engineering measure of the maximum lo ...

...eads to smaller and more efficient sensors to detect stresses, vibrations, forces at the atomic level, and chemical signals.<ref name = Evoy2004>{{cite book| ...experimentally verified independence to relative humidity. PDMS’ adhesive forces are also independent of rest time, capable of versatilely performing under ...

...esent between real molecules, such as [[London dispersion force|dispersion forces]]. ...d Enskog Theory]] to evaluate the thermal conductivity, taking fundamental intermolecular potentials as input, which are computed ''ab initio'' from a quantum mechan ...

...with respect to the aether, due to the modification of the intermolecular forces (of electric nature), while the latter was thought to be just a mathematica ...

...rm= '''[[Belt friction]]'''}}{{defn|defn=Is a term describing the friction forces between a [[Belt (mechanical)|belt]] and a surface, such as a belt wrapped ...lectric fields]] and [[magnetic fields]] are examples of body forces. Body forces contrast with [[contact force]]s or [[surface force]]s which are exerted to ...

...ally depends strongly on the energies of covalent bonds and intermolecular forces. ...

...that shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement. They can also include [[computers]] and sensors that monitor ...is is the ''law of the [[lever]].'' Machine components designed to manage forces and movement in this way are called [[mechanism (engineering)|mechanism]]s. ...

...on or arrangement is favored due to [[Noncovalent bonding|non-covalent]] [[intermolecular force]]s. The Watson–Crick [[base pair|basepairing]] rules are a direct res ...