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Radioactive isotopes can continue to release energy over periods ranging from weeks to decades. ...

...the decay of a few grams of [[plutonium-238]]—although other [[radioactive isotopes]] could be used. The heat produced by these RHUs is given off continuously Soviet missions have used other isotopes, such as the [[Polonium-210]] heat source used in the [[Lunokhod]] lunar ro ...

...|title=A 25-Year Battery: Long-lived nuclear batteries powered by hydrogen isotopes are in testing for military applications|date=2009-11-17|author=Katherine B ...2|bibcode=2019NatSR...910892M}}</ref> can be paired with relatively benign isotopes such as tritium, which produce less radiation.<ref name="tr20091109"/> ...

...atomic weight: (applies to individual [[isotope]]s or specific mixtures of isotopes of a given element) (no units) ...

...he [[nucleon]]s inside [[atomic nucleus|atomic nuclei]] for many different isotopes ('''three-nucleon force'''). ...

...(physics)|spins]] (blue arrow). '''1''': in [[Hydrogen|H₂]], [[Isotopes of hydrogen|¹H]] spin polarizes electron spin antiparallel. This ...

...-232]], [[uranium-238]], and [[uranium-235]]. Examples include the natural isotopes of [[polonium]] and [[radium]]. * [[Cosmogenic isotopes]], such as [[carbon-14]], are present because they are continually being fo ...

...plished by letting the [[ionizing radiation]] emitted by the [[radioactive isotopes]] hit a [[radioluminescence|luminescent]] material ([[scintillator]] or [[p ...

{{for|the generation of radioactive isotopes|radionuclide generator}} As it's consumed, the nickel-63 decays into stable, non-radioactive isotopes of copper, which pose no environmental threat.<ref name=Toms/> It contains ...

...e trapped in the ice: gases, acids, heavy metals, radioactivity, and water isotopes form the memory of the climates and environments of the past. ...

...e types of radiation occur naturally in [[List of elements by stability of isotopes|certain elements]]. '''[[Radioactive tracer]]s''' - Since radioactive isotopes behave, chemically, mostly like the inactive element, the behavior of a cer ...

...decline more slowly over the long term than plutonium.<ref name=ip/> Other isotopes for RTG were also examined in the study, looking at traits such as watt/gra ...r [[radioisotopes]] used in RTGs are therefore several decades, although [[isotopes]] with shorter half-lives could be used for specialized applications. ...

The amount of suitable PAC isotopes required for a measurement is between about 10 to 1000 billion atoms (10<su How the PAC isotopes are brought into the sample to be examined is up to the experimenter and th ...

...e controlling role of weak interactions in [[radioactive decay]] of atomic isotopes to establish the chirality of the weak force. ...a + (even) or − (odd) following the nuclear spin value. For example, the [[isotopes of oxygen]] include ¹⁷O(5/2+), meaning that the spin is 5/2 and ...

...ed nanotechnology uses a high pressure and temperature chamber to separate isotopes that should by nature not be in drinking water to pure drinking water, as t ...an Sea, river, lake and landfill waste waters. It even removes radioactive isotopes from the sea water, after Nuclear Power Stations catastrophes and cooling w ...

===Isotopes=== {{Main|Isotopes of tungsten}} ...

...O and ²H) become enriched in the liquid phase while the lighter isotopes (¹⁶O and ¹H) tend toward the vapor phase.<ref>{{cite ...

...cquery&index=1439480|title=SNAP-19: Pioneer F & G, Final Report], Teledyne Isotopes, 1973|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=31 March 2018|archive-date=1 Apri ...

...ar|I}} is used to label nuclear angular momentum states, examples for some isotopes of [[hydrogen]] (H), [[carbon]] (C), and [[sodium]] (Na) are;<ref name="Kra ...

...rsion). For example, see the [[isotopes of bismuth]], in which the list of isotopes includes the column [[Spin quantum number#Nuclear spin|nuclear spin]] and p ...