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| title = CdZnTe semiconductor parallel strip Frisch grid radiation detectors :<math>q</math> is the charge of the [[particle]]; ...

...tle = Photon Bunching and the Photon-Noise-Limited Performance of Infrared Detectors [[Category:Particle statistics]] ...

...(e.g. [[tokamak]]s), and the beam-steering and focusing magnets used in [[particle accelerators]] * high sensitivity [[Cryogenic particle detectors|particle detectors]], including the [[transition edge sensor]], the superconducting [[bolomete ...

*[[Gaseous ionization detectors]] *[[Particle detector]] ...

...flux_versus_particle_energy.svg|thumb|463x463px|Cosmic ray flux versus the particle energy|none]] ...ally one order of magnitude below the energy per nucleon of the cosmic ray particle (e.g., a 10²⁰ eV proton would lead to 10¹⁹ eV neutrin ...

...ibuted control systems]] to operate devices such as [[Particle accelerator|particle accelerators]], [[Telescope|telescopes]] and other large scientific facilit ...ts and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment |language=en |volume=293 |issue=1–2 |pages=288–291 ...

...r used to create and emit a new [[particle]] ([[alpha particle]] or [[beta particle]]) from the nucleus. During those processes, the radionuclide is said to un ...ly or are artificially produced in [[nuclear reactor]]s, [[cyclotron]]s, [[particle accelerator]]s or [[radionuclide generator]]s. There are about 730 radionuc ...

{{short description|Cosmic-ray particle with a kinetic energy greater than 1 EeV}} {{See also|Cosmic ray observatory|Oh-My-God particle|Amaterasu particle}} ...

...henomenon that is not well understood even today. Recent experiments with particle coherers seem to have confirmed the hypothesis that the particles cohere by Because they are threshold voltage detectors, coherers had difficulty discriminating between the impulsive signals of [[ ...

...Quantum key distribution at 1550nm with twin superconducting single-photon detectors|url=https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.2405870|journal=Applied Phy ...er|first8=Val|date=2021-05-10|title=Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors: A perspective on evolution, state-of-the-art, future developments, and app ...

...ity of the light field rather than the electric field because there are no detectors that can directly measure electromagnetic fields in the optical range. Howe ...es the THz field are directly absorbed by [[cluster-expansion approach|two-particle correlations]] that modify the quantum kinetics of electron and hole distri ...

...terface into the dielectric background, though far-field scattering by the particle is also enhanced by the resonance. Light intensity enhancement is a very im When the surface plasmon wave interacts with a local particle or irregularity, such as a [[surface roughness|rough surface]], part of the ...

...ple, one [[extreme-energy cosmic ray]], the [[Oh-My-God particle|Oh-My-God Particle]], which has been found to possess a record-breaking {{val|3.12|e=20|u=eV}} ...sts of Hadronic Interactions from 0.3 to 100 EeV using the water-Cherenkov Detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory |class=astro-ph.HE|year=2017}}</ref> In thi ...

...g reflections can be present at the receiving hydrophone and the threshold detectors become confused, thus severely limiting the use of this type of UAC to vert ...ent, a vector sensor measures the vector field components such as acoustic particle velocities. Vector sensors can be categorized into inertial and gradient se ...

...roperties|intrinsic]] form of [[angular momentum]] carried by [[elementary particle]]s, and thus by [[List of particles#Composite particles|composite particles ...tum, though its direction may change. These are indicated by assigning the particle a [[spin quantum number]].<ref name="griffiths" />{{rp|pp=[https://archive. ...

{{main|near and far field|near field optics|virtual particle|dielectric heating|Electromagnetic induction}} ...

...ivalent to a [[helium]] nucleus. [[Beta decay]] is the release of a [[beta particle]], a high-energy [[electron]]. [[Gamma decay]] releases [[gamma rays]], whi ...but their energy cannot be controlled. Controlled fusion is achieved in [[particle accelerator]]s; this is how many [[synthetic element]]s are produced. A [[f ...

...d a [[Cockcroft-Walton generator|Cockcroft–Walton multiplier]] after the [[particle accelerator]] machine built by [[John Cockcroft]] and [[Ernest Walton]], wh The circuit consists of two half-wave peak detectors, functioning in exactly the same way as the peak detector cell in the Grein ...

...aries scales directly with particle size. Thus a reduction of the original particle size well below the wavelength of visible light (about 1/15 of the light wa ...transparent armor windows, nose cones for heat seeking missiles, radiation detectors for non-destructive testing, high energy physics, space exploration, securi ...

...e.g. in the [[neon lamp]]s, [[Geiger–Müller tube]]s and other gas-filled [[particle detector]]s. A classical combination is about 98–99.5% of neon with 0.5–2% ...