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...cle physics]], where the availability of particular kinds of telescopes or particle accelerators acts as a constraint on the types of experiments that can be d [[Category:Sampling (statistics)]] ...

[[Category:Particle statistics]] ...

...the relativistic rotation of its [[Killing vector]]). The negative-energy particle then crosses the event horizon into the black hole, with the law of conserv ...allows the vacuum of space to be filled with [[virtual particles|virtual]] particle-antiparticle pairs which appear spontaneously and exist for only a short ti ...

...is equal to the sum of the [[kinetic energy]] (<math>m v^2/2</math> for a particle with mass <math>m</math> and speed <math>v</math>) and the [[potential ener ...ld does not contribute to the potential energy. The [[Lorentz force]] on a particle with [[electric charge|charge]] <math>q</math> and [[velocity]] <math>\math ...

...the particles which compose it which do not interact with each other. Each particle has a [[magnetic moment]] given by <math>\vec{\mu}</math>. The [[energy]] o ...moment are then <math>\mu</math> and <math>-\mu</math>. If so, then such a particle has only two possible energies, <math>-\mu B</math> when it is aligned with ...

...tic]] and [[electrostatic lens|electrostatic]] lenses act upon a [[charged particle beam]] similarly to [[optical lens]]es upon a [[light beam]]. ...calculations are crucial for the design of [[electron microscopes]] and [[particle accelerators]]. In the [[paraxial approximation]], trajectory calculations ...

! [[Identical particles|Particle substitution]] ...ity of identical particles || [[Bose–Einstein statistics|Bose]] or [[Fermi statistics]] ...

...deal [[Fermi gas]] of <math>N</math> particles. According to [[Fermi–Dirac statistics]], the mean occupation number of a state with energy <math>\epsilon_i</math ...l potential]] (at zero temperature, this is the maximum kinetic energy the particle can have, i.e. [[Fermi energy]] <math>E_{\rm F}</math>) ...

...roportional]] to the [[number]] of [[Particle|particles]] in a [[Sampling (statistics)|sample]], with the [[Avogadro constant]] as the [[Proportionality (mathema |Momentum of particle multiplied by distance travelled ...

...ion between state vector and "position [[Quantum state#Basis states of one-particle systems|basis]]" <math>\{|x\rangle\}</math> of the Hilbert space can be wri ...2}</math> is the [[probability density function]] for a measurement of the particle's position at a given time, defined as the [[Radon–Nikodym derivative]] wit ...

...all electrons in the particle are paired, then the substance made of this particle is diamagnetic; if it has unpaired electrons, then the substance is paramag ...localized]], that is, they travel through the solid more or less as [[Free particle|free electrons]]. Conductivity can be understood in a [[band structure]] pi ...

...blue skies research initiative called the Venture Research Unit, headed by particle physicist [[Donald Braben]]. Braben controversially challenged [[peer revie ...gc.ca/conferences/science2005/index-eng.htm|title=Blue Sky II 2006|journal=Statistics Canada|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2009011612525 ...

{{short description|Cosmic-ray particle with a kinetic energy greater than 1 EeV}} {{See also|Cosmic ray observatory|Oh-My-God particle|Amaterasu particle}} ...

...roperties|intrinsic]] form of [[angular momentum]] carried by [[elementary particle]]s, and thus by [[List of particles#Composite particles|composite particles ...3|publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-471-87373-0 }}</ref> The relativistic [[spin–statistics theorem]] connects electron spin quantization to the [[Pauli exclusion prin ...

Because the smallest allowed change of momentum <math>k</math> for a particle in a box of dimension <math>d</math> and length <math>L</math> is <math> (\ ...r]] ''k'', the properties of the particle and the environment in which the particle is moving. For example, the kinetic energy of an [[electron]] in a [[Fermi ...

...s interpretation as an '''information potential''' which acts on a quantum particle. It is also referred to as ''quantum [[potential energy]]'', ''Bohm potenti ...his approach because he was unable to derive the guidance equation for the particle from a non-linear wave equation. The seminal articles of Bohm in 1952 intro ...

All fundamental interactions of [[elementary particle]]s, with the exception of the [[weak interaction]], are symmetric under par * <math> h </math>, [[helicity (particle physics)|helicity]] ...

...ple, one [[extreme-energy cosmic ray]], the [[Oh-My-God particle|Oh-My-God Particle]], which has been found to possess a record-breaking {{val|3.12|e=20|u=eV}} ...tions appear to contradict the predictions of [[special relativity]] and [[particle physics]] as they are presently understood. However, there are a number of ...

...t have complex [[band structures]], electrons behave essentially as [[free particle]]s and where, in the case of metals, the [[Effective field theory|effective ...e at that time. By replacing the statistics with the correct [[Fermi Dirac statistics]], [[Sommerfeld]] significantly improved the predictions of the model, alth ...

{{short description|Elementary particle or quantum of light}} {{About|the elementary particle or quantum of light}} ...