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...title= Quantum effects in an n-component vector model for structural phase transitions |journal=Physical Review B |volume=13 |page=1123 |year=1976|bibcode = 1976P ...593|issue=7 }}</ref> In a normal ferroelectric, close to the onset of the phase transition the [[Dielectric#Electric susceptibility|dielectric susceptibili ...

If <math>\phi</math> is the [[Phase transition#Order parameters|order parameter]] of the system, then mean fiel ...e. For instance, in one dimension, the mean field approximation predicts a phase transition at finite temperatures for the Ising model, whereas the exact an ...

...ld.png|230px|thumb|right|Arrott plot for a simple mean field ferromagnetic phase transition. Here, as in the Arrott's paper,<ref name=arrott /> the relation ...modynamic free energy|free energy]] of a ferromagnetic material close to a phase transition can be written as: ...

...ic meaning or culture".<ref name="Geels">Geels, F. W., 2002. Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a ...red in the literature.<ref name="Geels_a">Geels, F.W., 2005. Technological transitions and system innovations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.</ref> Joseph [ ...

...b|upright=1.45|This diagram shows the nomenclature for the different phase transitions.]] ...on of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point. ...

...t has a single transition at the start of the bit period. A 1 bit has two transitions, at the beginning and middle of the period. This encoding is [[self-clocki ...biphase mark correction'' bit, ensures that there are an even number of AC transitions in each timecode frame. ...

...-infrared]]. Vibrational bands have rotational fine structure. Electronic transitions occur in the [[vacuum ultraviolet]] regions. * Rotational transitions, in which the molecule gains a quantum of rotational energy. Atmospheric wa ...

...mmercial gain of a product through the expense of research and development phase, and the financial return during its "vital life". Some technologies, such #The '''research and development''' ('''R&D''') phase (sometimes called the "bleeding edge") when incomes from inputs are negativ ...

{{Short description|Temperature and pressure point where phase boundaries disappear}} |Subcritical [[ethane]], liquid and gas phase coexist. ...

|title= Phase transitions in biological systems: Manifestations of cooperative processes in vicinal w The coherent phase should be described by a [[quantum state]], and in particular a state oscil ...

...properties above ''T''_C completely, because their paraelectric phase has a centrosymmetric crystal structure.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Safari|first ...only adjustable but commonly also very high, especially when close to the phase transition temperature. Because of this, ferroelectric capacitors are small ...

...or is illustrated in the Figure for the famous case of [[chromium]], which transitions from a paramagnetic to SDW state at a [[Néel temperature]] of 311 K. Cr is .... | title=Neutron-scattering investigations of the Kohn anomaly and of the phase and amplitude charge-density-wave excitations of the blue bronze K<sub>0.3< ...

| title = Magnetic order in the pseudogap phase of high-T_C superconductors ...It is expected to fill the symmetry schemes of primary [[ferroics]] (phase transitions with spontaneous point symmetry breaking) with a space-odd, time-odd macros ...

...for optical absorption, e.g. ionic and [[molecular vibration]]s, interband transitions (semiconductors), [[phonon]]s, and collective excitations.<ref name = "Lore ...above solution is [[Complex number|complex]] means there is a time delay (phase shift) between the driving electric field and the response of the electron' ...

...exotic condensed phases include the [[superconductivity|superconducting]] phase exhibited by certain materials at extremely low [[cryogenic]] [[temperature ...rish]] chemist [[Thomas Andrews (scientist)|Thomas Andrews]] studied the [[phase transition]] from a liquid to a gas and coined the term [[Critical point (t ...

'''Charge ordering''' (CO) is a (first- or second-order) [[phase transition]] occurring mostly in strongly correlated materials such as [[tr ...istivity]] by two orders of magnitude at T_CO=120K, suggesting a phase transition which is now well known as the Verwey transition. He was the fir ...

...sics, parity serves as a powerful controlling principle underlying quantum transitions. ...one projects out the phase of each state, where we recall that the overall phase of a quantum state is not observable, then a projective representation redu ...

...ngineering ToolBox|date=2003}}</ref> While the substance is undergoing a [[phase transition]], such as melting or boiling, its specific heat capacity is tec ...dergoes irreversible chemical changes, or if there is a [[Phase transition|phase change]], such as melting or boiling, at a sharp temperature within the ran ...

...103/PhysRevLett.21.342|title=Optical Rotatory Effect in the Nematic Liquid Phase of p-Azoxyanisole|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=21|page=342|year=1 ...6-28.</ref><ref>Wavelength is the distance between points of corresponding phase of two consecutive cycles of a wave. The wavelength, is related to the prop ...

...re]] by probing [[transition metal|metal]] [[D orbital|d]]→[[D orbital|d]] transitions.<ref name="E. I. Solomon and A. B. P. Lever 2006 78"/> [[Vibrational circul ...103/PhysRevLett.21.342|title=Optical Rotatory Effect in the Nematic Liquid Phase of p-Azoxyanisole|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=21|page=342|year=1 ...