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...ainty''' is defined as the sum of the temporal and spectral [[Differential entropy|Shannon entropies]]. It turns out that Heisenberg's [[uncertainty principl ...ame=Hirschman>{{Citation |first=I. I. Jr. |last=Hirschman |title=A note on entropy |journal=[[American Journal of Mathematics]] |year=1957 |volume=79 |issue=1 ...

* ''S'' is the [[entropy]] of the system (SI: joules per kelvin, CGS: ergs per kelvin). ...ansformation]] of the internal energy ''U'', in which temperature replaces entropy as the independent variable. ...

...are measured by changes in the system's properties, such as temperature, [[entropy]], volume, electric polarization, and [[chemical composition|molar constitu ...ced in the list by the internal energy, {{math|''U''}}. It expresses the ''entropy representation''.<ref name ="Tschoegl 17">Tschoegl, N.W. (2000), p. 17.</re ...

...er physics]] – field of physics that studies polymers, their fluctuations, mechanical properties, as well as the kinetics of reactions involving degradation and ** [[Quantum biology]] - application of [[quantum mechanics]] to biological phenomenon. ...

...rmodynamic system]] (the others being [[internal energy]], [[enthalpy]], [[entropy]], etc.). The change in the free energy is the maximum amount of [[Work (th ...ure of Free Energy and Entropy in Respect to Biochemical Thermodynamics. ''Entropy Vol. 2.''</ref> Since first-law energy is always conserved, it is evident t ...

...object without being in physical contact with it (see [[Contact mechanics|mechanical contact]]); that is, the non-local interaction of objects that are separate ...ay, the apparent storage of energy, or even the possibility of a plausible mechanical model for action transmission were all accepted as evidence against action ...

...y [[physical chemistry]], [[biochemistry]], [[chemical engineering]] and [[mechanical engineering]], but also in other complex fields such as [[meteorology]]. ...{cite journal | last = Clausius | first = RJE | year = 1870 | title = On a Mechanical Theorem Applicable to Heat | journal = Philosophical Magazine |series=4th S ...

|[[Entropy]] |[[Molar entropy]] ...

In 1851, the Scottish mechanical engineer [[William John Macquorn Rankine|William Rankine]] showed that the ...exchange of heat ([[Adiabatic process|adiabatic expansion]]). Doing this [[Mechanical work|work]], air inside the cylinder will cool to below the target temperat ...

...c energy). Using Huygens's work on collision, Leibniz noticed that in many mechanical systems (of several [[mass]]es ''m_i'', each with [[velocity]] '' ...(manufacturing)|boring]] of [[cannon]]s added more weight to the view that mechanical motion could be converted into heat and (that it was important) that the co ...

[[Quantum mechanics]] predicts that, at room temperature and ordinary pressures, an i Quantum mechanics further says that each rotational or vibrational mode can only ta ...

...ational]] kinetic and potential energy within a system is referred to as [[mechanical energy]], whereas nuclear energy refers to the combined potentials within a |[[Mechanical energy|Mechanical]] ...

====Mechanical clocks==== ...336), abbot of St. Albans Abbey, famously built a [[Clock#Fully mechanical|mechanical clock]] as an astronomical [[orrery]] about 1330.<ref>North, J. (2004) ''Go ...

| name =Entropy ...rnal|last=Wehrl|first=Alfred|date=1 April 1978|title=General properties of entropy|url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.50.221|journal=Reviews of M ...

...traditional sense or violate thermodynamic laws because they are in their quantum [[ground state]], so no energy can be extracted from them; they exhibit mot ...ts 2 and 3 apply to heat engines. Other types of engines that convert e.g. mechanical into electromagnetic energy, cannot operate with 100% efficiency, because i ...

...wledge representation|representation]], and [[Entropy (information theory)|entropy]]. ...utual information]], channel capacity, [[error exponent]]s, and [[relative entropy]]. Important sub-fields of information theory include [[source coding]], [[ ...

=== Quantum mechanical model === ...ents what is occurring at the atomic and molecular levels. At that level [[quantum mechanics]] must be used. Fortunately, the linear relationship between the ...

==Mechanical properties of matter== ...ions|Nonlinear correlation functions]].<ref name=Rammer>{{cite book |title=Quantum Field Theory of Nonequilibrium States |author=Jørgen Rammer |url=https://bo ...

...a melting point above {{Convert|4273|K|C F}} at ambient pressure. Quantum mechanical computer simulations predicted that this alloy (HfN_0.38C<sub>0.5 ...rgy]] (ΔG) of the material is zero, but the [[enthalpy]] (''H'') and the [[entropy]] (''S'') of the material are increasing (ΔH, ΔS > 0). Melting phenomenon h ...

...ution of such forces through the body is the internal [[stress (mechanics)|mechanical stress]]. In equilibrium these stresses cause no acceleration of the body a ...modern physics]], which includes [[Theory of relativity|relativity]] and [[quantum mechanics]], the laws governing motion are revised to rely on [[fundamental ...