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...ast2=Song |first2=Lin Frank |last3=Merz Jr. |first3=Kenneth M. |title=Pair Potentials as Machine Learning Features |journal=J. Chem. Theory Comput. |date=June 19 ...he [[Lennard-Jones potential|Lennard-Jones]] and [[Morse potential|Morse]] potentials. ...

...can be considered a classical analogue of the [[quantum mechanics|quantum mechanical]] [[Aharonov–Bohm effect]], where instead the field is exactly static insid ...|year=2008|title=The Maxwell-Lodge effect: significance of electromagnetic potentials in the classical theory|journal=The European Physical Journal D|volume=49|i ...

...eractions are better described by [[quantum electrodynamics]] which is a [[quantum field theory]]. ...tively easy to break complex problems down into simple parts and add their potentials. Taking the definition of ''φ'' backwards, we see that the electric field i ...

{{Quantum field theory}} ...harder as the physical model becomes more realistic; its application to [[quantum field theory]] is fraught with complications related to [[renormalization]] ...

=== Transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics=== ...y the Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory, the transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics (TIQM) first proposed in 1986 by [[John G. Cramer]],<ref name="Cr ...

{{Short description|Electromagnetic quantum-mechanical effect in regions of zero magnetic and electric field}} ...}</math> are zero.<ref name="Significance of electromagnetic potentials in quantum theory"> ...

{{Thermodynamics|expanded=Potentials}} ...n]]s are necessary to derive fundamental equations for other thermodynamic potentials and [[Massieu function]]s. The entropy as a function only of extensive stat ...

...r]] field.<ref>[https://youtube.com/watch?v=0Eeuqh9QfNI&t=1139 Lecture 1 | Quantum Entanglements, Part 1 (Stanford)], Leonard Susskind, Stanford, Video, 2006- ...r>{{cite book |author=John Archibald Wheeler|title=Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics.|url=https://archive.org/details/geonsblackholesq00 ...

{{Short description|Quantum mechanical statistic}} ...concept of the [[de Broglie–Bohm theory|de Broglie–Bohm formulation]] of [[quantum mechanics]], introduced by [[David Bohm]] in 1952. ...

=== Quantum mechanical model === ...ents what is occurring at the atomic and molecular levels. At that level [[quantum mechanics]] must be used. Fortunately, the linear relationship between the ...

...y [[physical chemistry]], [[biochemistry]], [[chemical engineering]] and [[mechanical engineering]], but also in other complex fields such as [[meteorology]]. ...{cite journal | last = Clausius | first = RJE | year = 1870 | title = On a Mechanical Theorem Applicable to Heat | journal = Philosophical Magazine |series=4th S ...

{{Thermodynamics|expanded=Potentials}} We can easily generalize this proof to the case of quantum mechanical models. We denote the eigenstates of <math>\tilde{H}</math> by <math>\left| ...

{{Thermodynamics|expanded=Potentials}} ...because energy was converted from one form into the intended purpose, i.e. mechanical use. For the case of the person pushing the box, the energy in the form of ...

...constant separation. The cantilever is not piezoelectrically driven at its mechanical [[resonance]] frequency ω₀ as in normal AFM although an alternat ...uantifies surface potentials based on their ability to gate a tip-attached quantum dot. ...

{{Short description|Quantum mechanics taking into account particles near or at the speed of light}} {{Quantum mechanics|cTopic=Formulations}} ...

...to as [[mechanical energy]], whereas nuclear energy refers to the combined potentials within an atomic nucleus from either the [[nuclear force]] or the [[weak fo |[[Mechanical energy|Mechanical]] ...

...ution of such forces through the body is the internal [[stress (mechanics)|mechanical stress]]. In equilibrium these stresses cause no acceleration of the body a ...modern physics]], which includes [[Theory of relativity|relativity]] and [[quantum mechanics]], the laws governing motion are revised to rely on [[fundamental ...

...lities]], provided that the current density can be obtained from a quantum mechanical calculation or theory. ...

...''E'''}} and the gravitational field {{math|'''g'''}}, or their associated potentials. Mass is sometimes called "gravitational charge".<ref>{{cite journal |last1 ...=United Kingdom |pages=454 |language=en |oclc=1021068059}}</ref> Since the potentials satisfy [[Maxwell's equations]], the fields derived for point charge also s ...

...cular potentials as input, which are computed ''ab initio'' from a quantum mechanical description. *[[Thermal conductance quantum]] ...