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...ends, [[injection molding]] feedstock, electronics, decorative finishes, [[refractory]] linings, batteries and [[fuel cell]]s, [[Thermal conductivity|thermally c ...

...c compound]], a [[silicide]] of [[molybdenum]], is a [[refractory material|refractory]] [[ceramic]] with primary use in [[heating element]]s. It has moderate [[d Molybdenum disilicide and MoSi₂-based materials are usually made by [[sintering]]. [[Plasma spraying]] can be used for prod ...

...s can be produced and refined in electron-beam vacuum furnaces. Rare and [[refractory metals]] can be produced or refined in small-volume vacuum furnaces. For ma ...height can be created. These structures can aid bonding between different materials and modify the surface roughness of the metal. ...

...m.<ref>[https://mwswire.com/resistance-wire-2/ "Resistivity of some common materials". MWS Wire Industries, Inc.]</ref> ...mages/pdf/light/section_13.pdf |title="Advanced Topic: Oxidation Resistant Materials" (PDF). Sciences Education Foundation. General Atomics. 2002 |access-date=2 ...

'''Induction heating''' is the process of heating electrically conductive materials, namely metals or semi-conductors, by [[electromagnetic induction]], throug ...]] and [[zone refining]] used in the semiconductor industry, and to melt [[refractory metal]]s that require very high temperatures. It is also used in [[inductio ...

...iagram.png|carbon phase diagram]]). [[Hafnium carbonitride]] (HfCN) is a [[refractory]] compound with the highest known melting point of any substance to date an ===Techniques for refractory materials=== ...

...essure or -activity region on either side of a highly ionically conducting refractory solid electrolyte is thermodynamically nearly equivalent to an [[isothermal ...mperature of 1173 K (900&nbsp;°C) have been obtained with long-term stable refractory metal electrodes.<ref name="ref3">R. Williams, B. Jeffries-Nakamura, M. Und ...

...discharge. In the 1980s, there was increasing interest in high-performance materials and other scientific issues, and in induction plasma for industrial-scale a ...al, high power plasma applications (30~250&nbsp;kW), tubes made of ceramic materials are typically used.<ref>United States Patent 5200595</ref> The ideal candid ...

...n the presence of air. Vacuum engineering techniques are widely applied in materials processing such as drying or filtering, chemical processing, application of ...ough" vacuum, over 100 Pascals pressure, conventional methods of analysis, materials, pumps and measuring instruments can be used, whereas ultrahigh vacuum syst ...

...[[Heat resistance|heat-resistant]], and [[corrosion-resistant]] [[Material|materials]] made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such ...de domestic, industrial, and building products, as well as a wide range of materials developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as [[semiconductor] ...

...filtered if possible) and the stone should be washed if possible. Organic materials (leaves, twigs, etc.) should be removed from the sand and stone to ensure t ...a variety of aggregates combined with a wide range of [[pozzolan]]s (fired materials) that help to achieve increased strength and speed of set. Lime concrete wa ...

Materials used in heating elements have a relatively high [[Electrical resistivity an ...eramic heating element insulators. For lower temperatures a wider range of materials are used. ...

...gh thermal conductivity are widely used in [[heat sink]] applications, and materials of low thermal conductivity are used as [[thermal insulation]]. The recipro ...k [[tensor]]. However, the tensorial description only becomes necessary in materials which are [[anisotropic]]. ...

...nsive property]] that indicates its ability to conduct [[heat]]. For most materials, the amount of heat conducted varies (usually non-linearly) with temperatur This concerns materials at atmospheric pressure and around {{cvt|293|K|C}}. ...

[[Petroleum products]] are materials derived from crude oil ([[petroleum]]) as it is processed in [[oil refineri ...re used in [[chemical process]]es to produce [[plastics]] and other useful materials. Since petroleum often contains a few percent [[sulfur]]-containing molecu ...

Approximately half of the tungsten is consumed for the production of hard materials – namely [[tungsten carbide]] – with the remaining major use being in alloy Tungsten is mainly used in the production of hard materials based on [[tungsten carbide]] (WC), one of the hardest [[carbide]]s. WC is ...

...cite journal | vauthors = Prommer E | title = Ziconotide: a new option for refractory pain | journal = Drugs of Today | volume = 42 | issue = 6 | pages = 369–78 ...derived substances. An important factor in the characterization of organic materials was on the basis of their physical properties (such as melting point, boili ...

...ed T cells rapidly induce molecular remissions in adults with chemotherapy-refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia | journal = Science Translational Medicine | v In [[materials science]], a genetically modified virus has been used in a research laborat ...