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...s the most rapidly around a particular location. The temperature [[spatial gradient]] is a [[vector quantity]] with [[Dimensional analysis|dimension]] of tempe ...ate system|coordinates]] of the location of interest, then the temperature gradient is the [[vector (geometric)|vector]] quantity defined as ...

...ral forces that are conservative can always be expressed as the negative [[gradient]] of a [[potential energy]]: The force field of a spatial [[harmonic oscillator]] is central with <math> F( \mathbf{r} ) </math> prop ...

| (Spatial) [[position (vector)]] ...[[Del|nabla/del operator]] ∇ or [[Gradient|grad]] needs to be written. For spatial density, current, current density and flux, the notations are common from o ...

...progressively become more difficult to stretch, while for most metals, the gradient decreases at very high stresses, meaning that they progressively become eas ...material]] models, and [[Hyperelastic material]] models. The [[deformation gradient]] ('''''F''''') is the primary deformation measure used in [[finite strain ...

...ation theory''', '''small displacement theory''', or '''small displacement-gradient theory'''. It is contrasted with the [[finite strain theory]] where the op ...s of a [[Continuum mechanics|continuum body]], in which the [[displacement gradient tensor]] (2nd order tensor) is small compared to unity, i.e. <math>\|\nabla ...

Charges (free or as a distribution) at rest will appear to remain at the same spatial position for some interval of time (as long as they're stationary). When th where <math>\partial/\partial x^\alpha </math> is the [[four-gradient]]. This is the [[continuity equation]]. ...

...[[constitutive equation|constitutive parameters]], which produce localized spatial variations. The aggregate value of all the constitutive parameters produces ...redetermined [[refractive index]] of ordinary materials become independent spatial gradients, that can be controlled at will. Therefore, transformation optics ...

...[[voltage]] proportional to a local temperature difference or temperature gradient. The amount of voltage and power are very small and they are measured in mi ...As well as increasing the signal level, the device may be used to provide spatial temperature averaging.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capgo.com/Resources/Se ...

Heat spontaneously flows along a [[temperature gradient]] (i.e. from a hotter body to a colder body). For example, heat is conducte ...hat material?|date=June 2020}} since the network of relatively close fixed spatial relationships between atoms helps to transfer energy between them by vibrat ...

...ow rate) and fluid physical properties (e.g. [[viscosity]]), to a pressure gradient applied to the porous media:<ref>[https://imechanica.org/files/JCIS-2019-Ta * <math>\nabla </math> is the [[Del|gradient operator]], <math>[\text{L}]^{-1}</math> ...

...distribution of current in the wire is illustrated by the arrows and color gradient shown on the cross section ''(3)'', with blue indicating areas of low curre ...other wire. The current distribution is shown by the red arrows and color gradient ''(3)'' on the cross section, with blue areas indicating low current and gr ...

...class of "constitutive relations" of the form ''stress rate = f (velocity gradient, stress, density)'' was the subject of [[Walter Noll]]'s dissertation in 19 ...is linearly related to the [[strain rate]] (transverse [[flow velocity]] [[gradient]]) ∂''u''/∂''y'' (units ''s''⁻¹). In a uniform [[shear flow]]: ...

...gnetic resonance]] (EPR), since the precession rate does not depend on the spatial orientation of the spins. When electromagnetic fields are uniform in space or when gradient forces like <math>\nabla({\boldsymbol\mu}\cdot{\boldsymbol B})</math> can b ...

...\mu + \partial^\mu f,</math> where <math>\partial^\mu</math> is the [[four-gradient]] and <math>f</math> is any [[harmonic function|harmonic]] scalar function: To have Lorentz invariance, the time derivatives and spatial derivatives must be treated equally (i.e. of the same order). Therefore, it ...

|[[Temperature gradient]] |Repetency or spatial frequency: the number of cycles per unit distance ...

...applied electrostatic field, an electron will deflect towards the positive gradient of the field. Notably, this crossing of electrostatic field lines means tha ...roperties to apply spatially varying phase shifts to control the far-field spatial intensity and phase of the electron wave. Devices like these have been appl ...

so that there is no need to distinguish between the spatial and temporal coordinates in [[Maxwell's equations]]. ...partial derivatives may be written in various ways, see [[four-gradient|4-gradient]]. The first equation listed above corresponds to both [[Gauss's Law]] (for ...

*[[Four-gradient]]: <math display="block">\partial^{\nu} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x_{\nu}} [[File:Lorentz force continuum.svg|200px|thumb|Lorentz force per spatial volume '''f''' on a continuous [[charge distribution]] ([[charge density]] ...

where <math>\partial</math> is the [[four-gradient]] and <math>A</math> is the [[electromagnetic four-potential|four-potential ...endent components:''' In Cartesian coordinates, these are simply the three spatial components of the electric field (''E_x, E_y, E<sub>z</ ...

...ined [[refractive index]] of ordinary materials instead become independent spatial gradients in a metamaterial, which can be controlled at will. Therefore, tr ...erent directions (anisotropy). This accomplishes a [[Gradient-index optics|gradient]] in the material properties. The associated report was published in the jo ...