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...ns”, EPSMA, 2005</ref> Reliability is a measure of the [[frequency]] of equipment failures as a function of time. [[wikt:reliability|Reliability]] has a majo A practical definition of reliability is “the probability that a piece of equipment operating under specified conditions shall perform satisfactorily for a giv ...

...ion and availability of pre-existing [[infrastructure]], such as roads and telecommunications facilities, on social and economic development. ...that can be retrieved is biased towards that which can be obtained by the equipment. ...

In [[telecommunications]], a feeder line branches from a main line or [[trunk line]]. ...s well as the receiving end. In radio engineering, a feeder connects radio equipment to an [[Antenna (radio)|antenna]], usually ''open wire'' (air-insulated wir ...

...to [[alternating current]] (AC) by [[uninterruptible power supply]] (UPS) equipment. The batteries may provide power for minutes, hours or days, depending on e ...ell]] batteries (often [[Lead–acid battery|lead–acid]]) from the operating equipment, and for better control of temperature and ventilation. In 1890, the [[West ...

...pply of high-quality, ultra-reliable power to keep critical facilities and equipment operating when grid power is either inadequate or fails. For example, follo ...ate sector and government operations are increasingly dependent on digital equipment that is collaterally dependent on critical-quality electricity. ...

...nits), emergency pressure or oxygen systems running at altitude, and radio equipment operational. Larger aircraft have control surfaces that run on these backup ===Telecommunications networks and data centers=== ...

...ographically widespread control systems. By use of standardized protocols, equipment from many different suppliers can be made to interoperate. IEC standard 608 ...otocol|protocol]] standard for telecontrol, teleprotection, and associated telecommunications for [[electric power]] systems. The result of this work is IEC 60870-5. Fiv ...

...otocol|protocol]] standard for telecontrol, teleprotection, and associated telecommunications for [[electric power]] systems. The result of this work is IEC 60870-5. Fiv ...Protocols - Companion standard for the informative interface of protection equipment ...

...c of the Philippines |access-date=10 June 2022}}</ref> and other [[List of telecommunications regulatory bodies|authorities around the world]]) could be considered a SME ...fication of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Systems and Equipment|publisher=[[ASTM International]]|date=2013}}{{doi|10.1520/E2500-13}}</ref> ...

...t; and to verify the thermal design to ensure there are no issues when the equipment is built. Most thermal simulation software uses [[Computational fluid dynam ...imulation enables the design and verification of the thermal design of the equipment at a very early stage and throughout the design of the electronic and mecha ...

| [[Customer premises equipment|CPE]] | Customer premises equipment ...

...ction of these systems, as opposed to a [[tradesperson]] simply installing equipment. In countries of Asia such as Pakistan, China and Saudi Arabia the use of M ..."data", and "telecommunications" or "comms". A low voltage system used for telecommunications networking is not the same as a [[Low-voltage network|low voltage network]] ...

...st=Larsson|first=B. |title=Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference |chapter=Battery supervision in telephone exchanges |publ ...

...0: Protection against electric shock – Common aspects for installation and equipment.</ref> There are various standards that define extra-low voltage. The [[Int ...Class II [[power supply]]. Modern cordless hand tools are considered SELV equipment. ...

...ork]] systems, that perform functions traditionally performed by telephone equipment. In this context the technology is specifically referred to as Internet tel ...ephone exchange. When a telephone user wants to make a [[telephone call]], equipment at the exchange examines the dialed [[telephone number]] and connects that ...

A '''load bank''' is a piece of electrical test equipment used to simulate an [[electrical load]], to test an electric [[electric pow ...s, voltage regulators, load tap changers, conductors, switchgear and other equipment.<ref name=simplex/> ...

...electronics]], [[semiconductor]]s, [[Telecommunications equipment|telecom equipment]], [[e-commerce]] and [[computer services]]. ''Note:'' This list shows only {{Major telecommunications companies}} ...

[[Bypass (telecommunications)|Bypass]] [[Clearing (telecommunications)|Clearing]] – ...

...ated fields, for example [[solid-state physics]], [[radio engineering]], [[telecommunications]], [[control systems]], [[signal processing]], [[systems engineering]], [[c ...|amplification]] and [[audio filter|filtering]] of audio signals for audio equipment and the [[modulation]] and [[demodulation]] of radio frequency signals for ...

...and intermodulation can be an even greater problem. In most countries the telecommunications authority licenses the operator to use specific frequencies. Out-of-band s [[Category:Electronic test equipment]] ...