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{{Short description|Type of observable in a physical system}} ...change of form of [[physical law]]s under a transformation, and is closer in scope to the [[Invariant (mathematics)|mathematical definition]]. Invariant ...

...in general relativity|exact solution]] of the [[Einstein field equation]] in which the only nongravitational mass–energy present is the field energy of ...the [[Einstein tensor]] <math>G^{ab}</math>, are well-defined. In general relativity, they can be interpreted as geometric manifestations (curvature and forces) ...

...t description|Mathematical object that describes the electromagnetic field in spacetime}} {{for|an explanation and meanings of the index notation in this article|Einstein notation|antisymmetric tensor}} ...

...frame to another. However, this is not as general as [[Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime]] or non-rectilinear coordinate systems. ...m, one could instead regard them as the formulation of Maxwell's equations in terms of ''total'' charge and current. ...

{{Short description|Relationship between relativity and pre-quantum electromagnetism}} ...ectromagnetism to the development of special relativity|History of special relativity|a fully covariant discussion|Covariant formulation of classical electromagn ...

...urth-rank [[tensor]] describing the [[Hooke's law|stress-strain relation]] in ...|2017|p=581}} This fact follows from the symmetry of the stress and strain tensors, together with the requirement that the stress derives from an [[elastic en ...

{{Short description|Physical quantities taking values at each point in space and time}} ...of the electromagnetic field|two interacting vector fields]] at each point in spacetime, or as a [[Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism|si ...

...rmulation in [[special relativity]]|Classical electromagnetism and special relativity|and|Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism}} ...this article, several approaches are discussed, although the equations are in terms of electric and magnetic fields, potentials, and charges with current ...

...in the electric field can create a disturbance in the magnetic field which in turn affects the electric field, leading to an oscillation that propagates ...servation that time-varying magnetic fields could induce electric currents in 1831. ...

| The first four spatial dimensions, represented in a two-dimensional picture. | Two points <!--(These and subsequent points not identified in diagram:) A and B--> can be connected to create a [[line segment]]. ...

{{About|the law of conservation of energy in physics |sustainable energy resources|Energy conservation}} ...well as heat and sound, one will get the exact decrease of chemical energy in the combustion of the dynamite. ...

...f planetary motion]]. The mechanics of planar particle motion fall in the general field of [[analytical dynamics]], and helps determine orbits from the given ...anar motion, which are the determination of the forces necessary to result in a certain trajectory ''given'' the particle trajectory. ...

...l Statue Equations.jpg|thumb|Maxwell's equations on a plaque on his statue in Edinburgh]] ...t light is an electromagnetic phenomenon. The modern form of the equations in their most common formulation is credited to [[Oliver Heaviside]].<ref name ...

...'', and can accommodate [[massless particle]]s. The theory has application in [[high energy physics]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Perkins, D.H. |title=Intro ...of them (e.g. the Dirac or path-integral formalism) also work with special relativity. ...

...Spacetime diagram]]s are useful in visualizing and understanding [[Special relativity|relativistic]] effects such as how different observers perceive ''where'' a ...the [[Lorentz transformation]] and [[Special relativity|special theory of relativity]]. ...

{{Short description|List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of engineering}} ...'''}}{{defn|defn='''(The double integration method)''' is a technique used in [[structural analysis]] to determine the [[Deflection (engineering)|deflect ...