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...modynamic and Differential Entropy under a Change of Variables | journal = Entropy | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 578–590 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 24 ...eighting, or energy, the configurational entropy is given by [[Boltzmann's entropy formula]] ...

In [[chemical thermodynamics]], '''excess properties''' are [[List of thermodynamic properties|properties]] of [[mixture]]s which quantify the non-[[Idealizati Because the ideal solution has molar entropy of mixing ...

{{Thermodynamics|cTopic=[[List of thermodynamic properties|System properties]]}} ...ies to specify the [[thermodynamic state]] of the [[working fluid]] of a [[thermodynamic system]]. It has no meaning for substances which are not saturated mixtures ...

{{Short description|Entropy of a system attributable to electrons' probabilistic occupation of states}} ...ite large, and the electronic entropy can thus contribute substantially to thermodynamic behavior.<ref name='Wolverton 1995'>{{cite journal ...

Examples include [[mass]], [[volume]] and [[entropy]].<ref name="IUPACgreen">{{cite book | url=http://media.iupac.org/publicati * [[entropy]], ''S'' ...

{{Short description|Thermodynamic potential}} ...ss is equal to the maximum amount of work that the system can perform in a thermodynamic process in which temperature is held constant. At constant temperature, the ...

{{Distinguish|Thermodynamic equilibrium}} ...cs)|work]], the two systems may reach thermal equilibrium without reaching thermodynamic equilibrium. ...

{{Short description|Type of thermodynamic potential}} ...'''Gibbs energy''' as the recommended name; symbol <math>G</math>) is a [[thermodynamic potential]] that can be used to calculate the [[maximum]] amount of [[Work ...

The '''internal energy''' of a [[thermodynamic system]] is the [[energy]] contained within it, measured as the quantity of ...into or out of the system. It is a [[State function|state variable]], a [[thermodynamic potential]], and an [[Intensive and extensive properties|extensive property ...

- [[Entropy]] [[Thermodynamic free energy]] ...

...t by the hot reservoir (i.e., <math>dS_c = -dS_h</math>), for no change in entropy. Thus: ...om a hot (high-entropy) system to a cold (low-entropy one), decreasing the entropy of the heat source and increasing that of the heat sink. ...

...mount of [[Work (thermodynamics)|work]] that the system can perform in a [[Thermodynamic process|process]] at [[Isothermal process|constant temperature]], and its s ...ure of Free Energy and Entropy in Respect to Biochemical Thermodynamics. ''Entropy Vol. 2.''</ref> Since first-law energy is always conserved, it is evident t ...

...hilosophy aims to unify the theories and associated laws of electronic and thermodynamic systems with biological systems. This approach presupposed an [[Analogical ==Proposals for maximum power principle as 4th thermodynamic law== ...

|journal = Entropy |journal= Entropy ...

...dynamics)|work]], and [[temperature]], and their relation to [[energy]], [[entropy]], and the physical properties of [[matter]] and [[radiation]]. The behavio Historically, thermodynamics developed out of a desire to increase the [[thermodynamic efficiency|efficiency]] of early [[steam engine]]s, particularly through th ...

{{Short description|Thermodynamic quantity}} ...(n,T)</math>, where {{mvar|n}} is the [[amount of substance]] in moles. In thermodynamic terms, this is a consequence of the fact that the [[internal pressure]] of ...

==Thermodynamic degrees of freedom for gases== R = 8.314 J/(K mol) is the universal gas constant, and "f" is the number of thermodynamic (quadratic) degrees of freedom, ...

{{Short description|Measure of energy in a thermodynamic system}} {{Distinguish|Entropy}} ...

The heat capacity of a thermodynamic system is typically derived from its internal energy, ''U'', less the work Starting from the [[fundamental thermodynamic relation]] one can show, ...

is taken at constant [[entropy]], <math>S</math>.<ref>{{Citation|first=Jørgen|last=Christensen-Dalsgaard|y The Brunt–Väisälä frequency commonly appears in the thermodynamic equations for the atmosphere and in the structure of stars. ...