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...depict and document people and objects, it was not until key developments in the late 19th century that it came to be widely accepted as a [[forensic]] ...popularity, the widespread notion of photography was the prominent belief in the realism of the medium.<ref>Jaeger, Jens. "Police and Forensic Photograp ...

...Photostat''', was an early [[Photocopying|projection photocopier]] created in the [[1900s (decade)|decade of the 1900s]] by the Commercial Camera Company ...n25 1913-06-19.png|thumb|Commercial Camera Company Photostat advertisement in ''Engineering News'', 1913.]] ...

...hes, and small organizations, where revolutionarily economical copying was in demand for the production of newsletters and worksheets. Self-publishers a ...phs were not practical for most office purposes and were never widely used in businesses. Hawkins & Peale lost money producing polygraphs. The problem wa ...

...= [[File:FEMA - 20472 - Photograph by Marvin Nauman taken on 11-10-2005 in Louisiana.jpg|250px]] ...s. A lineworker installs, services, and emergency repairs electrical lines in the case of lightning, wind, ice storm, or ground disruptions.<ref>{{cite b ...

...in 1881. A third edition was prepared by [[J. J. Thomson]] for publication in 1892. ...ce that Maxwell's attempt at a comprehensive treatise on all of electrical science tended to bury the important results of his work under "long accounts of mi ...

{{short description|Beam of electrons observed in vacuum tubes}} ...nvisible; in this demonstration [[Teltron tube]], enough gas has been left in the tube for the gas atoms to [[luminescence|luminesce]] when struck by the ...

...base made of [[ceramic]], metal, glass, or plastic, which secures the lamp in the socket of a [[light fixture]], which is often called a "lamp" as well. ...lamp]]s, which produce light by a flow of electrons across a [[band gap]] in a [[semiconductor]]. ...

...induction|Faraday's law]], is that an [[electromotive force]] is generated in an electrical conductor which encircles a varying [[magnetic flux]]. ...It produced a small [[direct current|DC voltage]]. This was not a dynamo in the current sense, because it did not use a [[Commutator (electric)|commuta ...

...s. The first electromagnetic generator, the [[Faraday disk]], was invented in 1831 by British scientist [[Michael Faraday]]. Generators provide nearly al In addition to electricity- and motion-based designs, [[photovoltaics|photovol ...

...description|Introduction of competing electric power transmission systems in the late 1880s and early 1890s}}{{about|the battle between electrical distr ...an [[Thomas Edison]] established the first investor-owned electric utility in 1882, basing its infrastructure on DC power. ...

|caption = A German [[railway]] in [[1895]] ...setaste.jpg|thumb|250px|A [[telegraph key]] used to transmit text messages in [[Morse code]]]] ...

...' (DC), which flows only in one direction. Alternating current is the form in which [[electric power]] is delivered to businesses and residences, and it .... These currents typically alternate at higher frequencies than those used in power transmission. ...

{{Short description|Application of science to criminal and civil laws}} {{Forensic science|all}} ...

...w of induction]], discovered in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil. ...size from [[Radio Frequency|RF]] transformers less than a cubic centimeter in volume, to units weighing hundreds of tons used to interconnect the [[power ...

...inventors in history, holding [[List of Edison patents|1,093 U.S. patents in his name]].]] ...0| work = ISO }}</ref> Others have different definitions; a common element in the definitions is a focus on newness, improvement, and spread of ideas or ...

...''History of Technology'' (book series)|the academic discipline|History of science and technology}} ...eviously reach, and by [[scientific instrument]]s by which we study nature in more detail than our natural senses allow. ...

Loom, built under licence in 1893, in [[Keighley]], Yorkshire. This loom has a [[flying shuttle]] and [[Dandy loo [[File:loomwork.jpg|thumb|A woman in [[Konya]], [[Turkey]], works at a [[#Tapestry looms|vertical]] loom]] ...

...rge from one point to another within an electric field, typically measured in [[volt]]s. ...electric power]] where electric current is used to energise equipment, and in [[electronics]] dealing with [[electrical circuits]] involving [[Active com ...

...e]], and [[information system]]s including the transmission of information in [[Telecommunications|telecommunication]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wehrl|fir ...'The Kind of Motion We Call Heat: a History of the Kinetic Theory of Gases in the 19th Century, Book 2, Statistical Physics and Irreversible Processes'', ...

'''Electrification''' is the process of powering by [[electricity]] and, in many contexts, the introduction of such power by changing over from an earl ...eloped country|developed]] countries from the mid-1880s until around 1950. In the context of [[sustainable energy]], electrification refers to the build- ...