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{{History of technology sidebar}} ...founded in the mechanical and heralding a new more complex model of [[high technology]]. The digital era has been called the [[The Second Machine Age|Second Mac ...

...licating machines''' were the predecessors of modern document-reproduction technology. They have now been replaced by digital duplicators, [[image scanner|scanne ...hes, and small organizations, where revolutionarily economical copying was in demand for the production of newsletters and worksheets. Self-publishers a ...

...ase electric power|single-phase]] to [[direct current]] rotary converter. (In actual use, the converter is [[drum-wound]] and uses a [[multipolar field]] ...s the rotary converter a hybrid dynamo and mechanical rectifier. When used in this way it is referred to as a synchronous rotary converter or simply a [[ ...

...ed in 1882 when electricity was produced for [[electric lighting]]. In the 1880s and 1890s, growing economic and safety concerns lead to the regulation of t ...icient if a restricted number of organizations participated in the market; in some areas, vertically-integrated companies provide all stages from generat ...

...y.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|World map showing the percentage of the population in each country with access to mains electricity (as of 2017), a measure of th ...that is delivered to homes and businesses through the [[electrical grid]] in many parts of the world. People use this electricity to power everyday item ...

...|Introduction of competing electric power transmission systems in the late 1880s and early 1890s}}{{about|the battle between electrical distribution methods ...an [[Thomas Edison]] established the first investor-owned electric utility in 1882, basing its infrastructure on DC power. ...

...ii 04414u.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Alternators made in 1909 by [[Ganz Works]] in the power generating hall of a Russian [[hydroelectric]] station (photograp ...ernator]] or a rotating armature with a stationary magnetic field is used. In principle, any [[alternating current|AC]] [[electrical generator]] can be c ...

...r]] from sources of [[primary energy]]. For [[electric utility|utilities]] in the [[electric power industry]], it is the stage prior to its [[Electricity ...but it's a general physical concept, and I see no reason to pump their IPO in specific terms --> ...

|caption = A German [[railway]] in [[1895]] {{History of technology sidebar}} ...

...id=32935308}}</ref>) is a common type of [[alternating current]] (AC) used in [[electricity generation]], [[Electric power transmission|transmission]], a Three-phase electrical power was developed in the 1880s by several people. In three-phase power, the voltage on each wire is 120 degrees [[phase shift]]e ...

'''Electrification''' is the process of powering by [[electricity]] and, in many contexts, the introduction of such power by changing over from an earl ...eloped country|developed]] countries from the mid-1880s until around 1950. In the context of [[sustainable energy]], electrification refers to the build- ...

...base made of [[ceramic]], metal, glass, or plastic, which secures the lamp in the socket of a [[light fixture]], which is often called a "lamp" as well. ...lamp]]s, which produce light by a flow of electrons across a [[band gap]] in a [[semiconductor]]. ...

...'''MIG''') and '''metal active gas''' ('''MAG''') is a [[welding]] process in which an [[electric arc]] forms between a consumable MIG [[wire]] [[electro ...g current]], can be used. There are four primary methods of metal transfer in GMAW, called globular, short-circuiting, spray, and pulsed-spray, each of w ...

...' (DC), which flows only in one direction. Alternating current is the form in which [[electric power]] is delivered to businesses and residences, and it .... These currents typically alternate at higher frequencies than those used in power transmission. ...

...ccessful demonstration of [[nitrous oxide]] anesthesia by [[Horace Wells]] in the same theater the previous year, which was ended by cries of "Humbug!" a ...veloped as a way to restore an imbalance in the ''qi'', or the life force. In Ancient Greece, medical maladies were often attributed to divine influences ...

[[File:Alter Strom.jpg|thumb|The Alter Strom, in the sea resort of [[Warnemünde]], Germany]] [[File:IMG RoyalCanalnrKinnegad5706w.jpg|thumb|The [[Royal Canal]] in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]]] ...

| employment_field = [[Technology]], [[science]], [[space exploration|exploration]], [[military]], [[Industry ...nics]], and [[electromagnetism]]. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the latter half of the 19th century after the [[commercialization]] of the ...

...f the head and rest in front of the ear canal, leaving the ear canal open. In the context of [[telecommunication]], a [[Headset (audio)|headset]] is a co ...Bluetooth]], [[DECT]] or [[FM radio]]. The first headphones were developed in the late 19th century for use by [[Switchboard operator|telephone operators ...

...nal]]ling systems, although sometimes quite extensive and sophisticated as in China, were generally not capable of transmitting arbitrary text messages. ...w.edinformatics.com/inventions_inventors/morse_code.htm |title=History and technology of Morse Code}}</ref> ...

...Technology'' (book series)|the academic discipline|History of science and technology}} {{History of technology sidebar}} ...