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...g [[stiffness]] of a beam can analytically be derived from the equation of beam deflection when it is applied by a force. ...<math>M</math> and the resulting [[curvature]] <math>\kappa</math> of the beam is: ...

...nding) is a condition of stress where a [[bending moment]] is applied to a beam without the simultaneous presence of [[Cylinder stress|axial]], [[Shear str ==Assumptions made in the theory of Pure Bending== ...

...f an electron beam ion trap. Red: electron source filament, blue: electron beam, black: [[electrodes]], green: magnet. The thin line represents the [[elect ...produces and confines [[highly charged ion]]s. An EBIT uses an [[electron beam]] focused with a powerful magnetic field to [[Ionization|ionize]] atoms to ...

{{for|"attenuation coefficient" as it applies to electromagnetic theory and telecommunications|Attenuation constant}} ...''e'', such as the ''decadic attenuation coefficient'' below. The '''broad-beam attenuation coefficient''' counts forward-scattered radiation as transmitte ...

[[File:Crabcavity n2.svg|thumb|Schematic of the beam crossing with the tilt from the crab cavities. To provide maximum tilt at t ...lane, and imaged) or as a means of increasing the [[Luminosity (scattering theory)|luminosity]] at an [[interaction point]] of a [[collider]] if the collidin ...

...iagram.svg|thumb|400px|[[Shear and moment diagram]] for a simply supported beam with a concentrated load at mid-span.]] ...e end and is free at the other end (neither simple nor fixed). In reality, beam supports are usually neither absolutely fixed nor absolutely rotating freel ...

...[electromagnetic radiation]] (such as [[X-ray]]s), [[sound]], or any other beam that can be attenuated. The [[International System of Units|SI unit]] of ma ...narrow ([[collimated light|collimated]]) beam passes through a volume, the beam will lose intensity to two processes: [[absorption (electromagnetic radiati ...

...a [[charged particle beam]] similarly to [[optical lens]]es upon a [[light beam]]. ...te book |last=Born |first=Max |title=Principles of optics: electromagnetic theory of propagation, interference and diffraction of light |last2=Wolf |first2=E ...

...l version of the Thomas-BMT, from the ''Quantum Theory of Charged-Particle Beam Optics'', applicable in accelerator optics ...lar.google.com/citations?user=hZvL5eYAAAAJ&hl S. A. Khan] and M. Pusterla, Beam optics of the Dirac particle with anomalous magnetic moment, Particle Accel ...

...lambert1.png|thumb|240px|Diagram of Beer-Lambert Law of transmittance of a beam of light as it travels through a [[cuvette]] of width ''l''.]] --> *''ℓ'' is the path length of the beam of light through the material sample. ...

...en its [[electric]] and [[magnetic field]]s rotate continuously around the beam axis during propagation. The [[circular polarization]] is left (<math>\math ...receiver most commonly used in [[optics]]). This SAM is directed along the beam axis (parallel if positive, antiparallel if negative). ...

...haves like a flexible elastic rod/beam ([[Euler–Bernoulli beam theory|beam theory]]). Informally, for pieces of the polymer that are shorter than the persist ...ntially with distance,<ref name="LandauPart5"/><ref>{{cite book |title=The Theory of Polymer Dynamics |first1=M. |last1=Doi |first2=S.F. |last2=Edwards |publ ...

== Theory == ...rge CP-violation. Typical predictions for the neutron EDM arising from the theory range between {{nowrap|10⁻²⁵ ''e''⋅cm}} and {{nowrap|10<sup>−28< ...

...illiam Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|William Thomson]]'s [[waveguide|waveguide theory]], [[J.C. Bose]], the [[klystron]] from Russel and Varian Bross, as well as ...s based on [[voltages]] and [[Electric current|current]]s, while microwave theory is based on [[electromagnetic fields]].<ref name=neetstheory> ...

{{short description|Beam of electrons observed in vacuum tubes}} [[File:Cyclotron motion smaller view.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|A beam of cathode rays in a vacuum tube bent into a circle by a [[magnetic field]] ...

...cess will take place when some kind of radiant excitation (e.g. a particle beam, sound wave, light, or an X-ray) intersects a localized phenomenon (e.g. a ...variables such as the density of the target material, the intensity of the beam, the detection efficiency of the apparatus, or the angle setting of the det ...

...s]] and [[Wilhelm Eduard Weber|Wilhelm Weber]] worked out the mathematical theory for separating the inner and outer [[Magnetosphere]] sources of Earth's mag * 1930-1 - After Birkeland's "electron beam" theory is disproved, [[Sydney Chapman (astronomer)|Sydney Chapman]] and Vincent Fe ...

...ss-date=2015-11-13 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> would place further limits on which theory takes precedence. ...ition used by experimentalists comes from the [[Form factor (quantum field theory)|form factors]] <math>F_i(q^2)</math> appearing in the matrix element<ref n ...

...oils and magnets, shear horizontal (SH) bulk wave mode (norm-beam or angle-beam), surface wave, plate waves such as SH and [[Lamb waves]], and all sorts of ...il generates eddy current on the surface of the material. According to the theory of electromagnetic induction, the distribution of the eddy current is only ...

...ermediate members such as [[girders]], [[wikt:stringer|stringers]] and [[I-beam|webs]], and minor members called ordinary transverse frames, frames, or lon ...]] or breadth ('''B''') is the width of the hull. (ex: BWL is the maximum beam at the waterline) ...