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...Weak isospin is a local symmetry, whose [[gauge boson]]s are the [[W and Z bosons]]. ...oups is [[SU(2)]] [[flavor (particle physics)|flavor]] symmetry; the gauge bosons are the [[pion]]s. The pions are not [[elementary particle]]s, and the symm ...

[[Category:Bosons]] ...

...radiation|light]], have been long recognized as spin-1 [[Gauge boson|gauge bosons]]. The polarization of the light is commonly accepted as its “intrinsic” sp ...

...so will interact in a particularly simple way with the [[W and Z bosons|W bosons]] (charged weak interactions violate flavour). On the other hand, a [[fermi ...

=== Fermions and bosons === ...tion). Fermions obey the rules of [[Fermi–Dirac statistics]]. In contrast, bosons obey the rules of [[Bose–Einstein statistics]] and have no such restriction ...

...gical scales. Another proposal is a new weak force mediated by [[W′ and Z′ bosons]]. ...otential can be described equivalently as exchange of vector and/or scalar bosons, that is a predicting as yet undetected new particles.<ref name=NewPhysicsA ...

...ing theories, including those attempting to deduce the properties of Higgs bosons.<ref name="BaBar Data Suggests Possible Flaws in the Standard Model June 18 *''[[W and Z bosons#2022 mass measurement of the W boson|Anomalous mass of the W&nbsp;boson]]'' ...

! [[Bose–Einstein distribution]] (bosons) ...

...d instantaneous change in the direction of the particle world lines. Gauge bosons are emitted away from the vertex as wavy lines and, in the case of virtual ...tual particle]]s called [[gauge boson]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fermions & Bosons |work=The Particle Adventure |url=http://particleadventure.org/frameless/fe ...

|title=Review of Particle Physics: Gauge and Higgs bosons |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2009/tables/rpp2009-sum-gauge-higgs-bosons.pdf ...

...te arXiv |author=Masakatsu, K. |year=2012 |title=Superradiance Problem of Bosons and Fermions for Rotating Black Holes in Bargmann–Wigner Formulation |eprin ...agnetic interaction. It does, however, correctly describe charged spinless bosons in the absence of other interactions. ...

...s leads to the explicit appearance of forward and backward polarized gauge bosons in Feynman diagrams, along with [[Faddeev–Popov ghost]]s, which are even mo ...

...s and thus, they obey [[Bose–Einstein statistics]]. This means that, since bosons with the same energy can occupy the same place in space, phonons and photon ...

...needed and each are described as resulting from the exchange of specific [[bosons]]. Two are short range: the [[strong interaction]] mediated by [[mesons]] a ...

...oldstone>{{cite journal|last=Leutwyler|first=H.|title=Phonons as Goldstone bosons|journal= Helv. Phys. Acta |volume=70|issue=1997|year=1997|arxiv=hep-ph/960 ...

...les. Columns are three generations of matter (fermions) and one of forces (bosons). In the first three columns, two rows contain quarks and two leptons. The ...e [[fundamental interactions|interactions]]: the [[photon]], the [[W and Z bosons]], and the [[gluon]].<ref name=PFIp1-3 /> The Standard Model predicted the ...

...re fermions (e.g. [[electron]]s and quarks), force fields whose quanta are bosons (i.e. photons and gluons) and a Higgs field whose quantum is the [[Higgs bo ...e scalar field components of the Higgs field are "absorbed" by the massive bosons as degrees of freedom, and couple to the fermions via Yukawa coupling, ther ...

| title=Broken Symmetries and the Masses of Gauge Bosons ...icle]]s in the Standard Model. This includes the masses of the [[W and Z bosons]], and the masses of the [[fermion]]s – i.e. the [[quark]]s and [[lepton]]s ...