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...for example, the gauge field of electromagnetism is the [[electromagnetic field]]; and the gauge boson is the [[photon]]. ...of the Lie algebra. So, for example, when a particle in a [[quantum field theory]] belongs to a symmetry, then it transforms according to a particular repre ...

...harges plus minus thumb.svg|220px|thumb|right|Illustration of the electric field surrounding a positive (red) and a negative (blue) charge.]] ...Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism|single-rank 2-tensor]] field.<ref>[https://youtube.com/watch?v=0Eeuqh9QfNI&t=1139 Lecture 1 | Quantum En ...

...arwick">Warwick (1992), (2012)</ref> In addition, it can be shown that the conformal group of the plane (corresponding to the [[Möbius group]] of the [[extended ...demonstrated its mathematical meaning by showing that it belongs to the [[conformal transformation]]s producing the following [[quadratic form]]:<ref group=M>L ...

...transition ([[Curie temperature]]) in the absence of an external magnetic field.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stanley|first=H. Eugene|url=https://www.worldcat.org/ === Theory === ...

There are various '''mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field''' that are used in the study of [[electromagnetism]], one of the four [[fu ==Vector field approach== ...

...te value of all the constitutive parameters produces an [[effective medium theory|effective value]], which yields the intended or desired results. {{cite journal|last=Leonhardt|first=Ulf|title=Optical Conformal Mapping|date=Jun 2006|volume=312|issue=5781|pages=1777–1780|doi=10.1126/sci ...

...[[optical microscope]] lenses, have a strong reaction only to the electric field. The corresponding magnetic interaction is essentially nil. This results in ...nd [[dispersion relation|dispersion]] are also current drawbacks, but this field is still in its optimistic infancy.<ref name=AAAS4/><ref name=physicsengine ...

...e [[theory of relativity]], are the components of a single electromagnetic field.</ref> The equations are named after the physicist and mathematician [[Jame ...\mathbf{E}</math> the electric field, <math>\mathbf{B}</math> the magnetic field, <math>\rho</math> the electric charge density and <math>\mathbf{J}</math> ...

...ttps://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/wrong1.html|title=Incorrect lift theory #1|date=Aug 16, 2000|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.arch ...surface contributes more flow turning than the lower surface." ''Incorrect Theory #2'' Glenn Research Center NASA https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-t ...

...gues [[Enoch B. Ferrell]] and [[James W. McRae]], who were familiar with [[conformal mapping]]s, was reworked into the final form in early 1937, which was event ...or example, in [[electronic oscillator|oscillator]] design and [[stability theory|stability]] analysis.<ref name="Gonzalez_1997"/>{{rp|pages=98–101}} ...

...ch as [[motion (physics)|motion]], [[kinetic energy]] and time-dependent [[Field (physics)|fields]]. ''[[:category:Timekeeping|Timekeeping]]'' is a complex ...osmology|cosmological]] [[Scientific modelling|model]] of the [[Big Bang]] theory, time itself began as part of the entire [[Universe]] about 13.8 billion ye ...

{{Short description|Force resulting from the quantisation of a field}} ...pace which arises from the [[quantum fluctuation]]s of a [[field (physics)|field]]. It is named after the Dutch physicist [[Hendrik Casimir]], who predicted ...

...a constant energy density filling space homogeneously) and [[Scalar field theory|scalar fields]] (dynamic quantities having energy densities that vary in ti ...tions]] of [[general relativity]]. If considered as a "source term" in the field equation, it can be viewed as equivalent to the mass of empty space (which ...

...nings with the [[Lorentz transformation]] and [[Special relativity|special theory of relativity]]. ...ce]]. This interpretation proved vital to the [[General relativity|general theory of relativity]], wherein spacetime is curved by [[stress-energy tensor|mass ...