Search results

==Forms of reasoning== ...include [[material inference]]. Similarly, it is important to distinguish deductive validity and inductive validity (called "strength"). An inference is deduct ...

{{Short description|Term in logic and deductive reasoning}} In [[logic]] and [[deductive reasoning]], an [[argument]] is '''sound''' if it is both [[Validity (logic)|valid]] ...

In [[logic]], specifically in [[deductive reasoning]], an [[argument]] is '''valid''' [[if and only if]] it takes a form that m In this case, the conclusion contradicts the deductive logic of the preceding premises, rather than deriving from it. Therefore, t ...

...ernet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]].</ref> The standards for evaluating non-deductive arguments may rest on different or additional criteria than truth—for examp ...te journal |last=Walton |first=Douglas N. |date=August 1990 |title=What is Reasoning? What Is an Argument? |url=http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88 ...

...e (Hjørland, 2010, 2). Second, there is construction of accounts as to how reasoning helps in the provision of addition knowledge about a specific or broader sc ...d the tendency of attacking the accounts of rationalists while considering reasoning to be an important source of knowledge or concepts. The overall disagreemen ...

Inductive reasoning consists in establishing a relation between one extreme term and the middle The ''locus classicus'' for the study of [[abductive reasoning]] is found in [[Aristotle]]'s ''[[Prior Analytics]]'', Book 2, Chapt. 25. I ...

...s are [[hypothesis|hypothesized]] to play a major role in [[cognition]], [[reasoning]] and [[decision-making]]. The term for this concept was coined in 1943 by ...r to {{§l||Mental models and reasoning}} and to the mental model theory of reasoning developed by [[Philip Johnson-Laird]] and [[Ruth M.J. Byrne]]. ...

{{Short description|Argument that uses faulty reasoning}} ...ions include not only the ignorance of the right [[Psychology of reasoning|reasoning standard]] but also the ignorance of relevant properties of the [[Context ( ...

...clarify the meaning of ''conceptual framework'' (used in the context of a deductive empirical study). ..., M., Rangarajan, N. & Shields, P. The potential of working hypotheses for deductive exploratory research. ''Qual Quant'' (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135 ...

...}</ref><ref name="Walton"/> The premises in correct arguments offer either deductive or defeasible support for the conclusion. The source of the error in incorr ...e conclusion to be false if all the premises are true. The premises in non-deductive arguments offer a certain degree of support for their conclusion but they a ...

...t". Modern science respects [[Objectivity (philosophy)|objective]] logical reasoning, and follows a set of core procedures or rules to determine the nature and ...observation of new phenomena, new actions, or new events and providing new reasoning to explain the knowledge gathered through such observations with previously ...

...rates in Palazzo Massimo alle Terme (Rome).JPG|thumb|In the West, critical reasoning originated from the teachings of the Greek philosopher Socrates (470–399 BC ...ation gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action."<ref>{{cite web|url=htt ...

...uths or abstract things ('essences' or universals, etc.), and a faculty of reasoning, i.e. passing from premises to a conclusion (discursive reason). The verb ' ...451 |access-date=2014-12-01 |quote=[T]he exercise of independent practical reasoning is one essential constituent to full human flourishing. It is not—as I have ...

...es the probability of the supported hypothesis. According to [[Hypothetico-deductive model|hypothetico-deductivism]], evidence consists in [[observation]]al con * Evident truths are based on necessary reasoning. ...

...been (or could be) formally defined, and with which one may do [[deductive reasoning]] and [[mathematical proof]]s. Each branch of mathematics has its own objec ...

...tive approach]]), or to evaluate functional relationships (the [[inductive reasoning|inductive approach]]). ...

...an experiment. On the other hand, the [[scientific method]] and deductive reasoning is easily applied when working with models and model objects, which heritag ...r of variables affecting the heritage system under observation – inductive reasoning is therefore often applied in heritage science. In this aspect, the premise ...

...hought that a general body of theory could be established through abstract reasoning&nbsp;– not relying on a wide knowledge of economic facts. From this point o ...e from those more abstract doctrines that are held to pervade all economic reasoning. (1917, 58–59) and applying theories of economy on what we have in reality ...

...c types of inference are [[deductive reasoning|deduction]] and [[inductive reasoning|induction]]. In a [[Validity (logic)|valid]] deduction, the conclusion nece ...

...''a posteriori'' knowledge]] &ndash; these terms are used with respect to reasoning ([[epistemology]]) to distinguish necessary conclusions from first premises ...y (grammar)|tautologies]] ("All bachelors are unmarried"), and [[Deductive reasoning|deduction]] from [[pure reason]] (e.g., [[Ontological argument|ontological ...