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[[File:Tauc-Lorentz Model.png|thumb|Tauc-Lorentz model. The real (blue solid line) and imaginary (orange dashed line) compon ...tian function|non-Hermitian]] character. Despite the inspiration, the Tauc–Lorentz model is itself aphysical due to being non-Hermitian and [[Analytic functio ...

...d charge]]s. The model is named after the Dutch physicist [[Hendrik Antoon Lorentz]]. It is a [[Classical physics|classical]], phenomenological model for mate [[File:Lorentz Oscillator Model.png|thumb|Lorentz oscillator model. The real (blue solid line) and imaginary (orange dashed l ...

...1|bibcode = 2001RvMP...73..663J|s2cid = 8285663}}</ref> The condition is [[Lorentz invariant]]. The Lorenz gauge condition does not completely determine the ...ion convention]] is being used. The condition has the advantage of being [[Lorentz invariant]]. It still leaves substantial gauge degrees of freedom. ...

...]]. The special property embedded in Maxwell's equations is known as the [[Lorentz invariance]]. In Maxwell's equations frame, assuming that the speed of movi ...their relativistic form, although this property had to wait for [[Hendrik Lorentz]] and Einstein to be discovered. ...

...and the [[Lorentz force]]) in a form that is manifestly invariant under [[Lorentz transformation]]s, in the formalism of [[special relativity]] using rectili {{Main|Lorentz covariance}} ...

...een incorporated implicitly into the electromagnetic quantities. Heaviside–Lorentz units may be thought of as normalizing {{math|1=''ε''₀ = 1}} and ...8-05-06 }}</ref> Consequently, electromagnetic quantities in the Heaviside–Lorentz system differ by factors of {{math|1={{sqrt|4''π''}}}} in the definitions o ...

...olecules, or a [[homogeneous mixture]] thereof. It is equivalent to the '''Lorentz–Lorenz equation''', which relates the [[refractive index]] (rather than the ==Lorentz–Lorenz equation== ...

...on charged particles in bubble chamber - HD.6D.635 (12000265314).svg|thumb|Lorentz force acting on fast-moving charged [[Elementary particle|particles]] in a In [[physics]], specifically in [[electromagnetism]], the '''Lorentz force''' (or '''electromagnetic force''') is the combination of electric an ...

...how changes in the electric and magnetic fields influence each other. The Lorentz force law states that a charge subject to an electric field feels a force a ...[[J. J. Thomson]] completed experiments that defined the [[electron]]. The Lorentz theory works for free charges in electromagnetic fields, but fails to predi ...

...wever, in [[quantum electrodynamics]], consistency with the principle of [[Lorentz covariance]] and with the magnitude of the [[Planck constant]] suggests a m ...sequences. In 1948, [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[physicist]]s [[Hendrik Casimir|Hendrik B. G. Casimir]] and [[Dirk Polder]] predicted the existence of a tiny attra ...

...under gauge transformations and to demonstrate causality in the manifestly Lorentz covariant Lorenz gauge described below. ...stic [[quantum field theories]] such as [[quantum electrodynamics]] (QED). Lorentz covariant gauges such as the Lorenz gauge are usually used in these theorie ...

...such as '''Rayleigh-Carson reciprocity'''), named after work by [[Hendrik Lorentz]] in 1896 following analogous results regarding [[sound]] by [[Lord Rayleig == Lorentz reciprocity == ...

...ns had the same form if they were transformed using a particular scaling [[Lorentz factor|factor]], ...velocity of the moving electrons and <math>c</math> is the speed of light. Lorentz noted that if this factor were applied as a [[length contraction]] to movin ...

..., the TM field can be derived from a purely longitudinal [[Hendrik Lorentz|Lorentz]] [[vector potential]] <math>\underline{A}</math>. The electromagnetic fiel ...

...as the '''Drude–Lorentz model''')<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lorentz |first=Hendrik |date=1905 |title=The motion of electrons in metallic bodies I |url=https:/ where <math>\mathbf{f}(t)</math> can be interpreted as generic force (e.g. [[Lorentz Force]]) on the carrier or more specifically on the electron. <math>\mathbf ...

...tromagnetic force|the force exerted on particles by electromagnetic fields|Lorentz force}} ...mb's law]] for electricity and [[Ampère's force law]] for magnetism; the [[Lorentz force]] describes microscopic charged particles. ...

...ent electromagnetic field. Rather, the whole theory is encapsulated by the Lorentz-invariant [[Action (physics)|action]] <math>S</math> of [[World line|partic ...y propagate backwards in time. Second, existing explanations of [[Abraham–Lorentz force|radiation reaction force]] or [[radiation resistance]] depended upon ...

...et of coupled [[partial differential equation]]s that, together with the [[Lorentz force]] law, form the foundation of [[classical electromagnetism]], classic ...1861 and 1862, published an early form of the equations that included the Lorentz force law. Maxwell first used the equations to propose that light is an ele ...

* [[Hendrik Lorentz]] ...

* [[Lorentz force|Lorentz force law]] * [[Hendrik Lorentz|Lorentz]] ...