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...energy]] of a certain system, as a [[functional (mathematics)|functional]] of the system's [[Classical mechanics|state]]. ...ally related to the stable stationary states. Studying such states is part of the [[optimization (mathematics)|optimization problems]], where the terms ' ...

The '''measure''' in [[quantum physics]] is the integration [[measure (mathematics)|measure]] used for performing In [[quantum field theory]], one must sum over all possible histories of a system. ...

{{about|the history of the scientific concept of energy|the history of how humans use energy|Energy }} ...the 4th century BCE works of [[Aristotle]] (OUP V, 240, 1991) (including ''Physics'', ''Metaphysics'', ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]''<ref>[https://www.perseus.tuf ...

...triseermachine |title= 230 Jaar Elektriseermachine |trans-title= 230 Years of Electrification Machine |publisher= [[Teylers Museum]] |language= nl |acces ==History== ...

{{Short description|Propagation delay of EM radiation (light)}} ...term "retarded" is used in this context (and the literature) in the sense of [[propagation delay]]s. ...

{{Short description|Concept in physics}} ...c circuit]], Hopkinson's law.<ref>Waygood, p. 137</ref> It is the property of certain substances or phenomena that give rise to [[magnetic fields]]: ...

...lectromagnetic radiation. In some classical electron models a distribution of charges can however be accelerated so that no radiation is emitted.<ref nam | journal = Foundations of Physics ...

{{Short description|Production of electric currents and charge separation during phase transition}} ...lectric effect''' is the production of [[electric current]]s and [[charge (physics)|charge]] separation during [[phase transition]]. ...

...[[current (electricity)|current]].<ref>Richard Turton. (2000).The Physics of Solids. New York:: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-850352-0}}.</ref> ...uang|last3=Lemmon|first3=John P.|last4=Yang|first4=Zhenguo|journal=Journal of Power Sources|volume=195|issue=9|pages=2431–2442|bibcode=2010JPS...195.2431 ...

...urnal=The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science | publisher=Informa UK Limited | volume=15 | issue=100 | year=1933 == History and derivations == ...

{{Short description|Physics term; a conserved quantity of the electromagnetic field}} ...[[electric charge]], and therefore have limited physical significance. One of the conserved quantities (Lipkin' <math>Z^0</math>) has an intuitive physi ...

{{Short description|Branch of optics}} ...m noise]] in [[optical communication]], which is studied in the sub-branch of [[coherence theory (optics)|coherence theory]]. ...

...tic resonance]] spectroscopies, where it is responsible for the appearance of isotropic [[electron paramagnetic resonance#Hyperfine coupling|hyperfine co ...d with the parameter ''A'', which takes the units megahertz. The magnitude of ''A'' is given by this relationships ...

{{Short description|Overview of and topical guide to physics}} {{see also|Index of physics articles}} ...

...icro-]] and [[nano-]] [[mechatronic]] systems with [[Spin (physics)|spin]] physics and [[spintronics]]. ==History and origins== ...

{{short description|Branch of theoretical physics}} ...therefore, a [[classical field theory]]. The theory provides a description of electromagnetic phenomena whenever the relevant [[length scale]]s and field ...

...iption|Hypothesis that physics experiments will behave the same regardless of when they are conducted}} ...s Limited|isbn=978-1-84614-702-9|chapter=3}}</ref> In mathematics, the set of all time translations on a given system form a [[Lie group]]. ...

...Robert|last2=Jenkins|first2=Alejandro|date=2020-10-30|title=Quantum Theory of Triboelectricity|url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.18610 == History == ...

...uld lead an individual as a member of a collectivity to impose their forms of time on others and impede the efforts towards more homogeneous temporal com ==History== ...

....components.and.coordinates.svg|thumb|right|180px|Schematic representation of the main [[wind turbine]] components. The yaw system is located between the ...(The generated energy will be approximately proportional to the [[cosine]] of the yaw error). ...