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{{Short description|Hypothetical particle in gravity theories}} ...ysics and quantum physics]], a '''graviphoton''' or '''gravivector''' is a hypothetical particle which emerges as an excitation of the [[metric tensor]] (i.e. grav ...

...flavor]] symmetry; the gauge bosons are the [[pion]]s. The pions are not [[elementary particle]]s, and the symmetry is only approximate. It is a special case of ...ve, these generate the global [[SU(6)]] flavor symmetry of the fundamental particles; this symmetry is [[Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula|badly broken]] by the mas ...

...lways created, keeping the net amount of charge unchanged. Similarly, when particles are destroyed, equal numbers of positive and negative charges are destroyed | title = Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics ...

...tron]]s); [[List of particles#Composite particles|composites of elementary particles]] ([[proton]]s and [[neutron]]s{{mdash}}as of the nucleus of an atom); and where {{math|d'''m'''}} is the elementary magnetic moment and {{math|d''V''}} is the [[volume element]]. The net magn ...

...rrent best measured limit for ''d''_n is {{val|0.0|1.1|e=-26|u=[[Elementary charge|''e'']]⋅cm}}.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal ...ining the neutron's [[Nucleon magnetic moment|magnetic dipole moment]] and hypothetical electric dipole moment. Under time reversal, the [[Magnetic moment|magnetic ...

...are composed of three quarks, and the magnetic moments of these elementary particles combine to give the nucleons their magnetic moments. ...ast=Vonsovsky |author-link=Sergei Vonsovsky |title=Magnetism of Elementary Particles |url=https://archive.org/details/MagnetismOfElementaryParticles |location=M ...

...ity.svg|400px|thumbnail|right|The Standard Model of elementary particles + hypothetical Graviton]] ...dard Model fields. Yet, the Standard Model does not supply any fundamental particles that are good dark matter candidates. ...

{{Short description|Intrinsic quantum property of particles}} ...particle]]s, and thus by [[List of particles#Composite particles|composite particles]] such as [[hadron]]s, [[atomic nucleus|atomic nuclei]], and atoms.<ref nam ...

...found that different atoms and different [[elementary particle|elementary particles]], theoretically with the same amount of matter, have nonetheless different ...standard|caesium hyperfine frequency]], the [[Planck constant]] and the [[elementary charge]].<ref name=Brochure9_2016> ...

...istant stars relative to the local inertial frame gives rise through some (hypothetical) physical law to the centrifugal force and other inertia effects. Today's v ...ounterparts).<ref name=Fetter>{{cite book | title=Theoretical Mechanics of Particles and Continua | author1=Alexander L. Fetter|author-link1=Alexander L. Fetter ...

{{short description|Force acting on charged particles in electric and magnetic fields}} ...vg|thumb|Lorentz force acting on fast-moving charged [[Elementary particle|particles]] in a [[bubble chamber]]. Positive and negative charge trajectories curve ...

...rticles smaller than atoms. The [[Standard Model]] predicts that exchanged particles called [[gauge boson]]s are the fundamental means by which forces are emitt ...in a [[closed system]] of particles, all internal forces are balanced. The particles may accelerate with respect to each other but the [[center of mass]] of the ...

...&nbsp;1-2) showed no differential influence of Earth's motions through the hypothetical aether on the speed of light, and the most likely explanation, complete aet ...ntribution to the literature on quantum mechanics, Einstein considered two particles briefly interacting and then flying apart so that their states are correlat ...

...[[energy]] and [[matter]], and the structures they form, from [[sub-atomic particles]] to entire [[galaxies]]. Space and time, according to the prevailing [[cos ...s encompassed less than 10 seconds of time following the Big Bang. These [[elementary particle]]s associated stably into ever larger combinations, including stab ...

...o [[quantum field theory]], the universe can be thought of not as isolated particles but continuous fluctuating [[Field (physics)|field]]s: [[matter]] fields, w ...s come completely to rest. In fact, however, kinetic energy is retained by particles even at the lowest possible temperature. The random motion corresponding to ...

...mum value, taken as 0. Absolute zero is the point at which the fundamental particles of nature have minimal vibrational motion, retaining only quantum mechanica ...ng to one another (cohesion refers to the tendency of similar or identical particles/surfaces to cling to one another). }} ...

...term= '''[[Machine element]]'''}}{{defn|defn=Or ''hardware'', refers to an elementary component of a [[machine]]. These elements consist of three basic types: ...field]]s. [[Electric current]]s and the [[magnetic moment]]s of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic mo ...

...luids, each fluid being composed of mutually repellent particles while the particles of the opposite electricities are mutually attractive. When the two fluids ...ting that, in the case of magnetic phenomena, the fluids only acted on the particles of iron. He also made numerous electrical experiments apparently showing th ...

...f [[electromagnetic radiation]] whether from [[electric charge|charged]] [[elementary particle]]s, from [[particulates]], or from fluctuations of the [[index of ...of the scattering angle. If multiple scattering occurs, or the scattering particles have relative motion, then there is generally distortion of [[spectral line ...