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{{Short description|Possessing negative truth value}} ...ite web|title=Truth-value {{!}} logic|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/truth-value|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}< ...

...dity]] of an argument is a function of its internal consistency, not the [[truth value]] of its premises. ...fute]], or even discuss, than one featuring a normal logical error, as the truth of its premises must be established to the satisfaction of all parties. ...

...).</ref> but to have premises that, if they were true, would guarantee the truth of the argument's conclusion. Valid arguments must be clearly expressed by ...'' of an argument can be tested, proved or disproved, and depends on its [[logical form]].<ref name=":0" /> ...

...in the system is logically valid with respect to the [[Semantics of logic|logical semantics]] of the system. Because of the logical necessity of the conclusion, this argument is valid; and because the argume ...

...ogic]] is of essential importance to [[rationality]]. [[Argument]]s may be logical if they are "conducted or assessed according to strict principles of [[Vali [[Deductive reasoning]] concerns the [[logical consequence]] of given premises. On a narrow conception of logic, logic con ...

...ults ([[scientific law]]s, [[theorem]]s, [[proof (mathematics)|proof]]s, [[logical deduction]]s, etc) with concision, precision and unambiguity. ...ian has been able to perfect a device through which a part of the labor of logical thought is carried on outside the [[central nervous system]] with only that ...

* In the event-based approach logical formulas are done away with completely, while the logic-based approach uses ...''interpretation'', which associates with each state <math>s\in S</math> a truth assignment to the primitive propositions in <math>\Phi</math>, and <math>\m ...

{{Short description|Attempt to persuade or to determine the truth of a conclusion}} Arguments are intended to determine or show the degree of truth or acceptability of another statement called a conclusion.<ref>Ralph H. Joh ...

=== Logical positivism === {{Further|Logical positivism}} ...

...s paradox]], cannot be easily resolved by making foundational changes in a logical system.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Shapiro|first1=Lionel|title=Curry's Paradox|da Other paradoxes involve false statements and [[half-truth]]s ("'impossible' is not in my vocabulary") or rely on hasty assumptions (A ...

...that it provides us with doubly instructive exercises in the use of his [[logical graph]]s, taken at the level of his so-called "[[alpha graph]]s". : to arrive at a Fact, the demonstrative [[logical consequence|conclusion]] <math>X \Rightarrow Z.</math> ...

* On a small or detailed scale, it includes logical development of topics, emphasis on what's important, clear writing, navigat ...ed food, and the testing of medicine labelling. Examples of this are the [[Truth in Lending Act]] in the USA, which introduced the [[Schumer box]] (a concis ...

...land}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ethnolinguistics and Cultural Concepts: truth, love, hate & war|last1=Underhill|first1=James W.|date=2012|publisher=Cambr ...stent theory. These basic beliefs cannot, by definition, be proven (in the logical sense) within the worldview – precisely because they are [[axiom]]s, and ar ...

...is usually understood as an indication that the supported proposition is [[truth|true]]. What role evidence plays and how it is conceived varies from field ...er, it is limited to intuitive knowledge that provides immediate access to truth and is therefore indubitable. In this role, it is supposed to provide ultim ...

...other uses of "The truth"|The Truth (disambiguation)|other uses of "Truth"|Truth (disambiguation)}} ...ps://web.archive.org/web/20220120210351/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ...

...ly if], [if and only if]). The following fallacies involve relations whose truth values are not guaranteed and therefore not guaranteed to yield true conclu * [[Affirming a disjunct]] – concluding that one disjunct of a [[logical disjunction]] must be false because the other disjunct is true; ''A or B; A ...

...y of reasoning]] which makes the assumption that reasoning depends, not on logical form, but on mental models (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 1991). ...epresents (Johnson-Laird, 2006). Mental models are based on a principle of truth: they typically represent only those situations that are possible, and each ...

{{redirect|Logical error|logical errors in data storage|Data integrity#Logical integrity}} ...mal fallacy]] originates in an error in reasoning other than an improper [[logical form]].<ref name="garns">{{Cite web |last=Garns |first=Rudy |date=1997 |tit ...

...f how conclusions can be supported or undermined by [[premise]]s through [[logical reasoning]]. With historical origins in [[logic]], [[dialectic]], and [[rhe ...ology]]. These new theories are not non-logical or anti-logical. They find logical coherence in most communities of discourse. These theories are thus often l ...

...te when it produces good scientific theories compatible with the intrinsic truth of mind-independent reality. ...43–4}}</blockquote>Finding no evidence of "antecedent immutable reality of truth, beauty, and goodness," Dewey argues that both efficient and legitimate goo ...