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...idea establishes the belief that the success of a nation can be determined by how well that nation innovates and [[Diffusion of innovations|diffuses]] te ...Cotton textiles and steam power are seen as British, chemicals as German, mass production as North American, consumer electronics as Japanese." These coun ...

...ly life (class levels), access to developed world products, education, and media. ...areas still lacking access to computers and the Internet. Nonetheless, the continent's commitment to embracing technology has led to the development of innovati ...

...er source|date=September 2018}} This application structure was popularized by [[file sharing]] systems like [[Napster]], the first of its kind in the lat ...is open to participation and use to the widest possible number (as defined by [[Yochai Benkler]], in his essay Coase's Penguin);<ref>{{cite journal | url ...

...ools, including machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures used by humans. [[Engineering]] is the discipline that seeks to study and design ne ...physical investigation of the space more than 100&nbsp;km above the Earth by either crewed or uncrewed spacecraft. ...

...as in use for some 500 years longer than paper. These methods were favored by tradition and also had some advantages over looks in use today. ...printing, inked impressions from stone or other inscriptions would be made by rubbing or squeezing paper over their surfaces. This technique was used up ...

...was quickly followed by a different system developed in the United States by [[Samuel Morse]]. The electric telegraph was slower to develop in France du ...onwards. The few remaining telegraph applications were largely taken over by alternatives on the [[internet]] towards the end of the 20th century. ...

...deprived from intentional intervention: it was hence considered as sacred by some traditions ([[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]], American [[transcenden ...the artificial being understood as that which has been brought into being by a human [[consciousness]] or a human [[mind]]. Depending on the particular ...

[[Image:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad at Columbia 6 by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Two men argue at a political protest in [[New Yor ...nterdisciplinary]] study of how conclusions can be supported or undermined by [[premise]]s through [[logical reasoning]]. With historical origins in [[lo ...

...to developing a specific shape for planes that tended to reduce detection by redirecting [[electromagnetic radiation]] waves from radars.<ref name=b2>{{ ...[[Sun Tzu]] in his book ''[[The Art of War]]'' in the 5th century BC, and by [[Frontinus]] in his work ''[[Strategemata]]'' in the 1st century AD.<ref>{ ...

...m-oss/CerfHowInternetCame2B.html|title=How the Internet Came to Be|author1=by Vinton Cerf, as told to Bernard Aboba|date=1993|access-date=25 September 20 ...o-host protocol was specified by a group of graduate students at UCLA, led by [[Steve Crocker]], along with [[Jon Postel]] and [[Vint Cerf]]. The ARPANET ...

| image_alt = Photograph of Earth taken by the Apollo 17 mission. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in | mass = {{val|5.972168|e=24|u=kg}} ({{val|1.31668|e=25|u=lb}})<ref name="earthmas ...

...] to [[modernity]], covering the 15th and 16th centuries and characterized by an effort to revive and surpass the ideas and achievements of [[classical a ...rted during the [[crisis of the Late Middle Ages]] and conventionally ends by the 1600s with the waning of [[humanism]], and the advents of [[Reformation ...

...s a real and occurring event primarily caused in geologically recent times by human activity.<ref>Usages of global-warming denialism: {{harvnb|Kennedy|20 ..."/><ref name="mckee"/>{{sfn|Kalichman|2009}} It is a process that operates by employing one or more of the following five tactics to maintain the appeara ...

{{redirect|Electrify|the song by Jakwob|Electrify (song)}} ...g by [[electricity]] and, in many contexts, the introduction of such power by changing over from an earlier power source. ...

...s the second principal period of the [[three-age system]] proposed in 1836 by [[Christian Jürgensen Thomsen]] for classifying and studying ancient societ ...zation is deemed to be part of the Bronze Age if it either produced bronze by [[smelting]] its own [[copper]] and [[alloy]]ing it with [[tin]], [[arsenic ...

{{Short description|Land route for travel by vehicles}} ...f [[traffic]] that mostly has an [[road surface|improved surface]] for use by vehicles (motorized and non-motorized) and pedestrians. Unlike [[street]]s, ...

...stic)|meaning]] of a [[#Source and target languages|source-language]] text by means of an [[Dynamic and formal equivalence|equivalent]] [[#Source and tar ...early modern literary works, it has been replaced entirely in modern Dutch by ''vertaling''.}}<ref>[http://gtb.inl.nl/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=WNT&i ...

...e:World energy consumption 2022.png |thumb|upright=1.75| World consumption by source in 2022<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.energyinst.org/statistical ...rld energy production yearly.png |thumb|upright=1.75| Yearly production by continent<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world |title = ...

...he book, Burke wrote: "If we defined 'theology' as 'words about God', then by 'logology' we should mean 'words about words'". [[Logology (theology)|Burke ...Editor's Note", ''Polish Contributions to the Science of Science'', edited by Bohdan Walentynowicz, Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982, {{ISBN ...