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...ations can propagate at different speeds, leading to a number of important phenomena. When light is transmitted through a layer of magneto-optic material, the ...h is a necessary condition to construct devices such as [[Faraday isolator|optical isolator]]s (through which light passes in one direction but not the other) ...

...ma P, Hamori A, Cottier K, Kurunczi S, Horvath R | title = Grating coupled optical waveguide interferometer for label-free biosensing.| journal = Sensors and [[Category:Optical phenomena]] ...

...id. This usage tends not to include effects such as [[quantum noise]] in [[optical communication]], which is studied in the sub-branch of [[coherence theory ( ...radio]], this approximation is used to estimate some effects that resemble optical effects. It models several interference, diffraction and polarization effec ...

{{Short description|Theoretical model describing the optical response of bound charges}} ...teristic resonance frequencies (or other characteristic energy scales) for optical absorption, e.g. ionic and [[molecular vibration]]s, interband transitions ...

...sical phenomena to electrical signals and electrical signals into physical phenomena. An example of an inherently bidirectional transducer is an [[antenna (radi ===Electro-optical=== ...

...sical field theory]]. The theory provides a description of electromagnetic phenomena whenever the relevant [[length scale]]s and field strengths are large enoug The physical phenomena that electromagnetism describes have been studied as separate fields since ...

{{Redirect|Optical density|other uses|Refractive index|and|Nucleic acid quantitation|and|Neutr ...that the necessary corrections have been made to eliminate the effects of phenomena other than absorption.<ref name=":1" /> ...

Classically, one can think of radiation trapping as a multiple-[[scattering]] phenomena, where a [[photon]] is scattered by multiple atoms in a cloud. This motivat ...{mf}</math>, the number of scattering events scales with the square of the optical depth.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Weiss |first1=Patrizia |last2=Araújo |firs ...

...erials, known as [[metamaterial]]s, are used to produce transformations in optical space. {{cite journal|last=Leonhardt|first=Ulf|title=Optical Conformal Mapping|date=Jun 2006|volume=312|issue=5781|pages=1777–1780|doi=1 ...

...m the third phase of interstellar hydrogen, the ionized phase, which is at optical wavelengths, has had less attention. The basic aim of '''GHaFaS''' is to ma ...ng the fine details of the internal kinematics of galaxies, as well as any phenomena related to the formation of high mass stars and their surroundings. It has ...

...as [[anisotropy]]. Materials properties that relate to different physical phenomena often behave [[linearly]] (or approximately so) in a given operating range {{main|Optical properties}} ...

...|Nonlinear]] media are essential for [[nonlinear optics]]. However most [[optical]] materials have a relatively weak nonlinear response, meaning that their | title=Physics of Negative Refraction and Negative Index Materials: Optical and Electronic Aspects and Diversified Approaches ...

...l conductivity|conductivity]] {{mvar|σ}} represent the properties of the [[Optical medium|media]] through which the waves propagate. The permittivity can hav ...onent of permittivity attributed to ''bound'' charge and dipole relaxation phenomena, which gives rise to energy loss that is indistinguishable from the loss du ...

...stin, Yvan; Salomon, Christophe (1996). "Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential". ''Physical Review Letters'' '''76''' (24): 4508–4511. [[doi:10. ...and [[Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy#Electro-optical sampling|electro-optical sampling]], that can be applied to measure the time evolution of ''E''<sub> ...

Illusions may occur with any of the human senses, but visual illusions ([[optical illusion]]s) are the best-known and understood. The emphasis on visual illu {{main|Optical illusion}} ...

...eractions|url=https://www.sps.ch/en/artikel/progresses/focal-molography-an-optical-method-for-label-free-detection-of-biomolecular-interactions-77|archive-dat ...ar Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration|journal=Sensors|language=en ...

...doi-access=free}}</ref> 3D chirality causes the electromagnetic effects of optical activity and linear conversion dichroism. ...Plum| first =E.|author2=Fedotov, V. A. |author3=Zheludev, N. I. | title =Optical activity in extrinsically chiral metamaterial| journal =Applied Physics Let ...

...nomena of nature and try to find patterns and principles that relate these phenomena. These patterns are called physical theories or, when they are very well es ...ogy, and motion of celestial objects (such as galaxies, planets, etc.) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic backgrou ...

...n|first=Djordjevic|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/699999686|title=Coding for Optical Channels.|date=2010|publisher=Springer US|isbn=978-1-4419-5569-2|pages=2|oc ...("Land of Fire"); however, he may have seen the smoke or lights of natural phenomena.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pages.interlog.com/~erhard/uttermos.htm |title=T ...

...ogy are examples of mesoscopic systems. Three categories of new electronic phenomena in such systems are interference effects, quantum confinement effects and c ...from those of bulk materials.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Quantum theory of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors|last1=Hartmut|first1=Haug|last2 ...