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** [[Science and Technology in the Ottoman Empire]] ...

...Languages | editor=Herzog, Christoph|editor2=Malek Sharif|title= The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy|location= [[Würzburg]]|pages= 21–51 }} ([http://men With the [[abolition of the Caliphate]] in 1924, the official Ottoman office of Shaykh al-Islām, already in decline, was eliminated.<ref name=Bro ...

...=H. Duncan |date=October 1944}}</ref> During the [[Cold War]], the British Empire dissolved, leaving the United States and the Soviet Union to dominate world ...he [[United States]] (blue), the [[Soviet Union]] (red), and the [[British Empire]] ([[teal]]) were superpowers.]] ...

...to act in the best interest of his fellow citizens.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789–1815|last=Wood|first=Gord ...as the Shi Ji and the Han Shu, this was found not to be the case. The Qin Empire privately kept one copy of each of these books in the Imperial Library but ...

...t Nelson]] in Hampshire. Similar cannons were used by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]] in the [[Fall of Constantinople|siege of Constantinople]] in 1453.] ...o refuel. The British Empire provided them in abundance, as did the French Empire to a lesser extent. War colleges developed, as military theory became a sp ...

* [[Science and technology in the Ottoman Empire]] &ndash; 14th to 20th century ** [[Science and Technology in the Ottoman Empire]] ...

...ss, 2002 {{ISBN|0-8018-7248-0}}, p. 14</ref> specifically in the [[Persian Empire]] before 350&nbsp;BC, in the regions of Mesopotamia (Iraq) and [[Persia]] ( ==== Roman Empire ==== ...

* [[Science and technology in the Ottoman Empire]] ...

...to Italy following the [[fall of Constantinople]] to the [[Turkish people|Ottoman Turks]].<ref name=Britannica1>''Encyclopædia Britannica'', "Renaissance", 2 ...ory of Central Asia'', p. 465 {{ISBN?}}</ref> were linked to the [[Ottoman Empire]], whose conquests led to the migration of [[Greek scholars in the Renaissa ...

...y of Kadesh]] between the [[ancient Egypt]]ian and [[Hittite Empire|Hittie empire]]s. ...ularly [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], texts and with the governance of the Chinese empire. Classical Indian translation is characterized by loose adaptation, rather ...

...bring a steady supply of clean and fresh water to cities and towns in the empire.]] ...es, the [[water wheel]] and [[watermill]], first appeared in the [[Persian Empire]], in what are now Iraq and Iran, by the early 4th century BC.<ref>{{cite b ...

...2994-7}}</ref> first appeared in [[Mesopotamia]] during the [[Neo-Assyrian Empire|Neo-Assyrian]] period (911-609) BC.<ref name="Eisenbrauns"/> The [[Egyptian ...m turbine]], described in 1551 by [[Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf]] in [[Ottoman Egypt]].<ref>[http://www.history-science-technology.com/Notes/Notes%201.htm ...