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...RniFBI8Gi4C ''The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: Volume 1: Philosophical Papers''] (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980)</ref> Lakatos found ...most ''progressive''.<ref name=Bechtel/> Extending the research program's theories into new domains is ''theoretical progress'', and experimentally corroborat ...

...t led to more mathematically and experimentally sophisticated concepts and theories, including Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic waves, and Einstein's relat ...is no ether, yet the physical reality of force is much weaker than in the theories of Faraday.<ref name="Berk">[[Fields of Force]], William Berkson, 1974</ref ...

...1.]</ref><ref>Leon Horsten and Richard Pettigrew, ''Continuum Companion to Philosophical Logic'', Continuum International Publishing Group, 2011, {{ISBN|1-4411-5423 ...n some systems,<ref>Dov M. Gabbay and Franz Guenthner (eds), ''Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume 6'', 2nd ed, Springer, 2002, {{ISBN|1-4020-0583-0}}, [https:/ ...

{{Short description|Subfield of philosophical ethics}} '''Aesthetics of nature''' is a sub-field of [[ethics|philosophical ethics]], and refers to the study of natural objects from their [[aesthetic ...

...ept/philo/courses/consciousness97/papers/ProblemOfPhilosophy.html |journal=Philosophical Studies |volume=76 |issue=2–3 |pages=133–56 |doi=10.1007/bf00989821 |quote= ...= 1993 | page = 31 | quote = There is, I believe, a systematic pattern to philosophical disputation, in which the same kinds of unsatisfying alternatives recur}}.< ...

In philosophy, an aporia is a philosophical puzzle or a seemingly irresoluble impasse in an inquiry, often arising as a Contemporary academic studies of the term further characterize its usage in philosophical discourses. In "Aporetics: Rational Deliberation in the Face of Inconsisten ...

...ess special than any other point in time (e.g., in outdated [[steady-state theories]]), though this cannot be universally applied (e.g., the [[Big-Bang singula [[Category:Philosophical theories]] ...

{{short description|Philosophical theory regarding temporal ordering of events}} ...of time" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1WfFkp4puw</ref> and is seen in theories such as [[Eternalism (philosophy of time)|eternalism]]. ...

{{short description|Philosophical term referring to systems of understanding (i.e. knowledge)}} {{Ancient Greek philosophical concepts}} ...

...y be equivalent, better or worse than the recognized standard concepts and theories of their culture. Thus, understanding is correlated with the ability to mak ...|date=1994|title=Explanatory Knowledge and Metaphysical Dependence|journal=Philosophical Issues|volume=5|pages=51–69|doi=10.2307/1522873|jstor=1522873|issn=1533-607 ...

Computational theories of mind are often said to require [[Representation (psychology)|mental repr ...s have been proposed against physicalist conceptions used in computational theories of mind. ...

...nfluences the perception.<ref>Moline, Jon, "On Points of View", ''American Philosophical Quarterly'', 1968, vol. 5, 191–298. (as cited by Manuel Liz)</ref> ...

The [[Philosophy|philosophical]] study of signs and [[symbol]]s is called [[semiotics]]; this includes the ...he second part to DDC Books I-III. Augustine, although influenced by these theories, advanced his own theological theory of signs, with whose help one can infe ...

...discoveries, rather than just concentrate on learning scientific facts and theories that seemed distant from their realities (Fensham, 1985 & 1988). ...at traditional science focuses on established scientific facts rather than philosophical, political, and social issues, the extent of which many educators find to b ...

...in which words (or characters) are used or misused. (See Wittgenstein’s ''Philosophical Investigations,'' §23''.''] ...date=August 2021}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wittgenstein |first=Ludwig |title=Philosophical Investigations |publisher=Basil Blackwell Ltd |year=1953 |isbn=0-631-14670- ...

...artifacts. To challenge the so-called "technological determinism", today's theories of technological change emphasize the scope of the need of technical choice == Sociological theories == ...

{{Short description|Philosophical principle that perspectives and epistemology are always linked}} ...ll2012>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Sandywell|first=Barry|title='Perspectives, Philosophical' and 'Perspectivism'|dictionary=Dictionary of Visual Discourse: A Dialectic ...

...ordering of [[Phenomenon|observable phenomena]]. Unlike most variants of [[Philosophical presentism|presentism]] and [[Eternalism (philosophy of time)|eternalism]], In the 2400 years since Antiphon, many different theories of possible timeless universes have been advanced, seeking to explain in wh ...

...ty]] led to new action at a distance models providing alternative to field theories. Under our modern understanding, the four [[fundamental interaction]]s (gra ...6-44240-2 |edition=Dover |location=Mineola, N.Y}}</ref>{{rp|198}} [[Aether theories]] were alternative proposals to replace apparent action-at-a-distance in gr ...

..., P. J.)) | date= 2011 | title=Purposeful Program Theory: Effective Use of Theories of Change and Logic Models | publisher=Jossey-Bass}}</ref> ...ects. The theory might be psychological […] or social psychological […] or philosophical […]. The essential characteristic is that the theory points out a causal re ...