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...is definition is quite broad, the term is typically used in the context of properties and/or applications in which [[atomic electronic transition]] is pertinent. == Properties == ...

{{Short description|Ratio used in material engineering}} ...University (UK), 2000. ''T838 Design and Manufacture with Polymers: Solid properties and design'', page 30. Milton Keynes: The Open University.</ref>) is the r ...

...]]s on exposed surfaces, where contact between dissimilar materials leaves material traces of one left on the other. Provided the traces can be analysed succes [[Image:Crankshaft fatigue.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|[[Crankshaft]] [[Fatigue (material)|fatigue]] fracture]] ...

[[File:Single Polymer Chains AFM.jpg|thumb|Appearance of real linear polymer chains as recorded under liquid medium using an atomic force microscope]] ...on, be it [[thermoset]], [[thermoplastic]], [[elastomeric]] or [[Composite material|composite]] in nature. ...

...ite. A higher fiber volume fraction typically results in better mechanical properties of the composite.<ref name=endru>A. Endruweit, F. Gommer, A.C. Long. ''Stoc This procedure involves the digestion of the polymer matrix using an acid which does not attack ...

...ne irradiation|alteration of gemstone colors]], and [[cross-link]]ing of [[polymer]]s. ...l power to beam power at greater than 95% efficiency, making electron-beam material processing a highly energy-efficient technique. After exiting the gun, the ...

'''Quantum tunnelling composites''' ('''QTCs''') are [[composite material]]s of [[metal]]s and non-[[electrical conductance|conducting]] [[elastomer] ...ymer composite with nanostructured filler particles and amplified physical properties ...

...er can cause the coils to move and lead to the extrusion of molten polymer material from the joint, reducing the joint's strength. Tapping tees, or saddles, ar # Scrape pipe in marked areas to remove surface layer, allowing clean pipe material to contact the coupler ...

'''Ferroelectric polymers'''<ref>"Ferroelectric Properties of Vinylidene Fluoride Copolymers," by T. Furukawa, in ''Phase Transitions' First reported in 1971, ferroelectric polymers are polymer chains that must exhibit ferroelectric behavior,<ref name=special>{{cite jo ...

...d. It is directly related to the concentration gradient of the permeate, a material's [[intrinsic permeability]], and the materials' [[mass diffusivity]].<ref> ...sence of a [[semipermeable membrane]]. Only molecules or ions with certain properties will be able to diffuse across such a membrane. This is a very important me ...

...' is a device for measuring the [[hardness]] of a material, typically of [[polymer]]s.<ref name="matweb">{{cite web The term is also used to describe a material's rating on the scale, as in an object having a "'Shore durometer' of 90." ...

...trength of the field and reduces the electrical stresses in the insulating material. ...sulation and allow the electrical energy to conduct to the nearest earthed material causing burning and arcing. ...

...doi= 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0026 |pmid=27499846 |pmc= 4918837}}</ref><ref>Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMCs) Set, Editor: Mohsen Shahinpoor, Royal Society of C ...obotics]] in the development of artificial muscles; thus, an electroactive polymer is often referred to as an [[artificial muscle]]. ...

...form]] when adequate [[Structural load|loads]] are applied to them; if the material is elastic, the object will return to its initial shape and size after remo ...ubbers]] and other [[polymer]]s, elasticity is caused by the stretching of polymer chains when forces are applied. ...

{{short description|Object or material which allows the flow of electric charge with little energy loss}} ...nd [[electrical engineering]], a '''conductor''' is an object or type of [[material]] that allows the flow of [[Electric charge|charge]] ([[electric current]]) ...

...ice wherein one of the two electrodes is covered with a dielectric barrier material. The lines between the dielectric and the electrode are representative of t ...former material is a dielectric, the produced electric discharge resembles properties of the dielectric barrier discharge.<ref>M. Teschke and J. Engemann, Contri ...

...vel [[grayscale]] [[electrophoretic display]] ([[E Ink Corporation|E Ink]] material) with a resolution of 600×800 [[pixel]]s (167 [[pixels per inch|ppi]]). ...omposed of a film of [[organic compounds]]. The layer usually contains a [[polymer]] substance that allows suitable organic compounds to be deposited. They a ...

...fferent products. They can also improve the mechanical and heat-resistance properties and lower the oxygen transmission rate. Research is being performed to appl ...fferent products. They can also improve the mechanical and heat-resistance properties and lower the oxygen transmission rate. Research is being performed to appl ...

{{Short description|Mechanical property that measures stiffness of a solid material}} ...dulus is the slope of the linear part of the [[stress–strain curve]] for a material under tension or compression.]] ...

[[File:Resistivity_geometry.png|thumb|A piece of resistive material with electrical contacts on both ends]] ...stance and conductance|electrical resistance]] that some amount of element material will have is defined by ''Pouillet's law'' as <math display="block">R = \rh ...