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{{Short description|Branch of optics}} [[File:Laser Interference.JPG|thumb|200px|Physical optics is used to explain effects such as [[diffraction]]]] ...

...ron trajectories in the presence of [[electromagnetic field]]s. The term ''optics'' is used because [[magnetic lens|magnetic]] and [[electrostatic lens|elect Electron optics calculations are crucial for the design of [[electron microscopes]] and [[p ...

...[[angular momentum of light]] that is associated with the [[Spin (physics)|quantum spin]] and the rotation between the [[polarization (waves)|polarization]] d ...ys only connected to the two circular polarizations. To construct the full quantum spin operator of light, longitudinal polarized photon modes have to be intr ...

...uantum Theory of Charged-Particle Beam Optics'', applicable in accelerator optics ...oogle.com/citations?user=hZvL5eYAAAAJ&hl S. A. Khan] and M. Pusterla, Beam optics of the Dirac particle with anomalous magnetic moment, Particle Accelerators ...

{{distinguish|Quantum yield}} ...ency graph for WFPC2-en.svg|thumb|right|300px|A graph showing variation of quantum efficiency with wavelength of a CCD chip from [[Wide Field and Planetary Ca ...

{{Use American English|date=January 2019}}{{Quantum field theory}} ...eractions between the [[virtual photon|virtual photons]] created through [[Quantum fluctuation|vacuum energy fluctuations]] and the electron as it moves aroun ...

{{Short description|Lowest energy state in quantum electrodynamics}} {{For|articles related to the QED vacuum|Quantum vacuum (disambiguation)}} ...

...eractions are better described by [[quantum electrodynamics]] which is a [[quantum field theory]]. ...For example, there were many advances in the field of [[History of optics|optics]] centuries before light was understood to be an electromagnetic wave. Howe ...

...es. This is highly relevant for studying semiconductor nanostructures like quantum wells,<ref> ...ovskii |author9=A. B. Krysa |title = Charge control in InP/(Ga,In)P single quantum dots embedded in Schottky diodes ...

...zed in developing new technologies that are optimized up to the elementary quantum level. ...s. At the same time, they constitute an interesting many-body system whose quantum properties can be modified, e.g., via a [[nanostructure]] design. Consequen ...

...g |title=Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Topological Phase Transition in HgTe Quantum Wells |journal=Science |date=15 December 2006 |volume=314 |issue=5806 |page ...his was followed by the proposals for analogous [[Quantum spin Hall effect|quantum spin Hall state]]s of electromagnetic waves that are now known as photonic ...

** [[Optics]] – the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of lig ** [[Quantum biology]] - application of [[quantum mechanics]] to biological phenomenon. ...

...ss, impinging on a glass-to-air interface but beyond the [[critical angle (optics)|critical angle]]). ...erm ''evanescent'' is used similarly in fields such as [[acoustics]] and [[quantum mechanics]], where the [[wave equation]] arises from the physics involved. ...

|[[Laser video display|Laser TV]] <big>(</big>[[Quantum dot laser|Quantum dot]], [[Liquid crystal laser|Liquid crystal]]<big>)</big> ...ref>[http://www.yunamoptics.com/main.htm?page=menu2_e&sub=yunam_m2_e Yunam Optics]</ref><ref>[http://www.displaytech.com/newsite/060501_pr_first_half.html Di ...

...ite journal |author=Charles T. Sebens|year=2019 |title=Electromagnetism as Quantum Physics|arxiv=1902.01930 |journal=Foundations of Physics |volume=49 |issue= |journal=[[Progress in Optics]] ...

...ctrodynamics]] of [[charged particles]], e.g. in electron optics and [[ion optics]]. There are non-classical effects that derive from [[quantum mechanics]], such as the [[Stern–Gerlach experiment|Stern–Gerlach effect]] ...

...subwavelength hole array: Hole-assisted evanescent-field coupling|journal=Optics Communications|volume=281|issue=21|pages=5467–5471|year=2008|doi=10.1016/j. ...sted surface-plasmon-polariton coupling by a super-wavelength slit|journal=Optics Express|volume=18|issue=21|pages=21669–21677|year=2010|doi=10.1364/OE.19.01 ...

...gnetic resonance|magnetic resonance]], [[magnetism]], and certain areas of optics. [[Spintronics]] is a branch of spin physics. Perhaps the two best known ap ...which uses the electron spin as a label to allow or forbid [[electron]] [[Quantum tunnelling|tunnelling]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Moodera | first1=J. S. | ...

==Quantum scattering== In the [[Stationary state|time-independent]] formalism of [[Quantum mechanics|quantum]] scattering, the initial [[wave function]] (before scattering) is taken to ...

In [[physics]], emission is the process by which a higher energy quantum mechanical state of a particle becomes converted to a lower one through the ...known as [[Fermi's golden rule]]. The description has been superseded by [[quantum electrodynamics]], although the semi-classical version continues to be more ...