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...rail, with the lateral force of the wheel's flange against the face of the rail. This relationship is significant in railway design, as a [[Derailment#Slow ...rail face, and μ is the coefficient of friction between the wheel and the rail.<ref name=APTA /> ...

{{Short description|Generative Technologies}} ...mothy F.|last2=Trajtenberg|first2=M.|date=1995-01-01|title=General purpose technologies 'Engines of growth'?|journal=Journal of Econometrics|volume=65|issue=1|page ...

...cale. In contrast, the proposed steam engines may be for stationary, road, rail or marine use. ...n the [[SR Leader class]] of c. 1949 by [[Oliver Bulleid]] and the British Rail ‘Standard’ class steam locomotives of the 1950s by [[Robert Riddles]], part ...

* Victorian Prosperity: Age of steam and Rail (1830–1880) ...that the shift from one paradigm to another is the result of emergent new technologies. ...

...d provide the needed muzzle energy. One of the most successful alternative technologies remains electrothermal-chemical ignition. ...method for at least the next decade{{clarify|date=July 2015}} until newer technologies mature.<ref>Sharoni, ''The Future Combat System'', p.30</ref> To improve o ...

..., 1987, p1166</ref><ref name=Innerspec>[http://www.innerspec.com Innerspec Technologies]</ref> After decades of research and development, EMAT has found its applic ...nd pipes<ref>H. Gao, B. Lopez, S.M. Ali, J. Flora, and J. Monks (Innerspec Technologies), "Inline Testing of ERW Tubes Using Ultrasonic Guided Wave EMATs" in 16th ...

...acture and commercialisation of its [[proton-exchange membrane fuel cell]] technologies for a range of markets including automotive, stationary power, materials ha ...E-CHP in a joint venture with [[SSE plc]], to develop fuel cells and other technologies for [[Cogeneration|CHP]] (Combined Heat and Power) applications.<ref name=" ...

...neering]] is the discipline that seeks to study and design new technology. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to cont ...ght and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architect ...

...ref> Excelitas ended the production of ROs in December 2015.<ref>Excelitas Technologies, Product EOL announcement, 1 June 2015, {{cite web | url=https://www.thonk. ...n, it can powered with a single positive rail V_cc, and the same rail can double as reference voltage (V_ref=V_cc). It need n ...

...eloping a minimum set of standards for voluntary use in the field of urban rail, according to mandate M/486|author=UITP|year=2011|access-date=2014-02-16|ar {{Main|Passenger rail terminology}} ...

...l=http://www.nap.edu/read/12924/chapter/4|title=Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-duty Vehicles|publisher=The National Academies Press|date=2011|is |Urban rail ...

...and engineers specifically for use in battle by the armed forces. Many new technologies came as a result of the [[military funding of science]]. ...s of America – spent large proportions of their GDP on developing military technologies. The drive to place objects in orbit stimulated space research and started ...

...pg=PA227+|url-status=live}}</ref> EVs include [[road vehicle|road]] and [[rail vehicle]]s, [[electric boat]]s and [[underwater vehicle|underwater vessel]] * Electric [[high-speed rail|high speed train]], [[N700 Series Shinkansen]] of [[JR Central]] on the [[S ...

...had earlier been limited to a few select cities. The enormous expansion of rail and telegraph lines after 1870 allowed unprecedented movement of people and ...alloys and [[Chemical industry|chemicals]], electricity and communication technologies (such as the [[telegraph]], telephone and radio).{{Citation needed|date = O ...

...further describes the potential benefits of energy storage and demand side technologies to the electric grid: "Modernizing the electric system will help the nation Numerous energy storage technologies ([[pumped-storage hydroelectricity]], [[electric battery]], [[flow battery] ...

Coal is delivered by highway truck, [[railroad|rail]], [[barge]], [[Collier (ship type)|collier]] ship or [[coal slurry pipelin ...ur and a half. Older unloaders may still use manually operated bottom-dump rail cars and a "shaker" attached to dump the coal. ...

...|title=Handbook of Transportation Engineering, Volume II: Applications and Technologies, Second Edition|year=2011|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|isbn=978-0-07- ...dge]] in [[Minneapolis]] reserves its lower level for automobile and light rail traffic and its upper level for pedestrian and bicycle traffic (predominant ...

...nd waterway]]s, [[levee]]s, parks and [[recreation]], [[ports]], [[railway|rail]], [[roads]], schools, [[solid waste]], [[Public transport|transit]] and [[ ...y of investment is government spending. In [[Information and communication technologies|ICT]] and [[water supply]] and [[sanitation]], the private sector represent ...

...ch in turn was replaced by a series of ever faster and ever smaller memory technologies. Since rail signal circuits must be highly reliable, special techniques are used to det ...

...t of this method is that it gives firms an incentive to seek cost-reducing technologies as a strategy to increase utility [[Profit (economics)|Profit]]s. ...associated electric, [[natural gas]], telecommunications, water, railroad, rail transit, and/or passenger transportation companies. For example, the [[Cali ...