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- ...ringer, New York 2005, {{ISBN|3-540-25470-6}}</ref> When this happens, the semiconductor is said to be in a state of '''velocity saturation'''. <ref name="e2">{{cit ...10-100 kV/cm. Both saturation field and the saturation velocity of a semiconductor material are typically strong function of impurities, [[crystal defect]]s a ...6 KB (846 words) - 10:19, 13 April 2023
- ...or aging|one of the mechanisms]] that adversely affects the [[Reliability (semiconductor)|reliability of semiconductors]] of solid-state devices.<ref name=KK2011>{{ ...term “hot carrier injection” usually refers to the effect in [[Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor|MOSFET]]s, where a carrier is injected from the con ...13 KB (1,959 words) - 16:45, 11 August 2023
- ...le pairs]] produced by the ionization trail of beta particles traversing a semiconductor.<ref name=tr20091109>{{cite web|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/ Early [[semiconductor|semiconducting]] materials weren't efficient at converting [[electron]]s fr ...16 KB (2,099 words) - 17:38, 25 January 2024
- ...f937ac027f2|hdl-access=free}}</ref> of a [[photosensitivity|photosensitive device]], or it may refer to the [[Tunnel magnetoresistance|TMR effect]] of a magn ...cterize a device's [[efficiency]] at each photon energy level. For typical semiconductor photodetectors, QE drops to zero for photons whose energy is below the [[ba ...11 KB (1,710 words) - 14:55, 19 February 2024
- ...attery''', '''radioisotope battery''' or '''radioisotope generator''' is a device which uses energy from the [[radioactive decay|decay]] of a [[radioactive i ...es are well known, but modern nano-scale technology and new [[wide-bandgap semiconductor]]s have created new devices and interesting material properties not previou ...25 KB (3,324 words) - 14:50, 23 January 2024
- ...derstanding of the [[physics]] of [[insulator (electrical)|insulators]], [[semiconductor]]s, [[metal]]s, and [[superconductor]]s. The applied science of mesoscopic ...object is miniaturized, as with the miniaturization of [[transistor]]s in semiconductor electronics. The mechanical, chemical, and electronic properties of materia ...11 KB (1,480 words) - 14:05, 1 January 2024
- In semiconductor physics, [[Depletion region|space charge layers]] that are depleted of char ...e doesn't generally apply to a semiconductor/insulator in a single-carrier device, and is replaced by the Mott–Gurney law. For a thin slab of material of thi ...23 KB (3,545 words) - 20:39, 6 March 2024
- ...age and transfer. Spintronic systems are most often realised in [[Magnetic semiconductor|dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS)]] and [[Heusler alloy]]s and are of pa ...own state, and no transport properties are dependent on spin. A spintronic device requires generation or manipulation of a spin-polarized population of elect ...30 KB (3,811 words) - 21:36, 5 January 2024
- ...haracterises how quickly an [[electron]] can move through a [[metal]] or [[semiconductor]] when pulled by an [[electric field]]. There is an analogous quantity for ...or semiconductor materials. Almost always, higher mobility leads to better device performance, with other things equal. ...51 KB (7,692 words) - 09:05, 2 March 2024
- ...ield was pioneered by a number of investigators throughout the fledgling [[semiconductor]] industry. One of the most important engineering studies was performed by ...owever, electromigration (EM) continues to be an ever-present challenge to device fabrication, and therefore the EM research for copper interconnects is ongo ...36 KB (5,027 words) - 04:50, 8 March 2024
- ...ical sensors picking up in the 1960s with the demonstration of metal-oxide semiconductor sensors capable of sensing analyses such as oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal|last ...mework|covalent-organic]] frameworks.<ref name=":0" /> One of the simplest device architectures for an electronic chemical sensor is a [[chemiresistor]], and ...45 KB (6,243 words) - 17:26, 28 December 2023
- ...of materials developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as [[semiconductor]]s. ...rains, secondary phases, grain boundaries, pores, micro-cracks, structural defects, and hardness micro indentions. Most bulk mechanical, optical, thermal, ele ...41 KB (5,771 words) - 19:22, 24 February 2024
- ...ubner Verlag, 2010, {{ISBN|978-3-8351-0228-6}}</ref> e.g. for the study of semiconductor materials, intermetallic compounds, surfaces and interfaces, and a number o ...ISOLDE Schema.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Schema of '''Isotope Separator On Line DEvice'''' ([[ISOLDE]]) am [[CERN]]. The proton beam of the [[proton synchrotron|p ...37 KB (5,801 words) - 14:49, 13 February 2024
- ...from the nucleus) and polarisation of molecules or combinations of ions or defects. ...e, providing high tunability. Films suffer significant losses arising from defects. ...37 KB (5,270 words) - 14:46, 3 March 2024
- ...lly charged objects. In 1762 Swedish professor [[Johan Wilcke]] invented a device later named [[electrophorus]] that produced a static electric charge. By 18 ...at's Whisker" Detectors |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/semiconductor-rectifiers-patented-as-cats-whisker-detectors/ |website=The Silicon Engine ...80 KB (11,122 words) - 09:59, 4 March 2024
- {{About|the device|the physical phenomenon|Capacitance|an overview of types|Capacitor types}} In [[electrical engineering]], a '''capacitor''' is a device that stores [[electrical energy]] by accumulating [[electric charge]]s on t ...120 KB (17,836 words) - 08:06, 7 March 2024
- {{Short description|Device that controls current between electrodes}} {{About|the electronic device|experiments in an evacuated pipe|Free fall|the transport system|Pneumatic t ...119 KB (17,800 words) - 00:05, 6 March 2024
- ...deen]], [[Walter Brattain]] and [[William Shockley]] developed the first [[semiconductor]]-based [[transistor]], heralding a revolution in electronics.<ref name=mar ...e local electric and magnetic fields. These methods are suitable to study defects, diffusion, phase transitions and magnetic order. Common experimental metho ...61 KB (8,387 words) - 05:42, 23 January 2024
- {{term|term= '''[[Actuator]]'''}}{{defn|defn=A device that accepts 2 inputs (control signal, energy source) and outputs kinetic e {{term|term= '''[[Amplifier]]'''}}{{defn|defn=A device that replicates a signal with increased power.}} ...270 KB (39,506 words) - 20:34, 6 November 2023
- {{term|term= '''[[Machine]]'''}}{{defn|defn=A machine (or mechanical device) is a [[mechanical structure]] that uses [[Power (physics)|power]] to apply ...ion achieved by using a tool, [[mechanical device]] or machine system. The device trades off input forces against movement to obtain a desired amplification ...252 KB (37,438 words) - 11:29, 20 February 2024