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...ravel by [[Line-of-sight propagation|line of sight]] and so are obstructed by the curve of the Earth. The purpose of communications satellites is to rel ...eloped by [[Mikhail Tikhonravov]] and [[Sergey Korolev]], building on work by [[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]].<ref name="airandspace-200711">{{Cite magazine | ...

...ools, including machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures used by humans. [[Engineering]] is the discipline that seeks to study and design ne ...physical investigation of the space more than 100&nbsp;km above the Earth by either crewed or uncrewed spacecraft. ...

...was quickly followed by a different system developed in the United States by [[Samuel Morse]]. The electric telegraph was slower to develop in France du ...onwards. The few remaining telegraph applications were largely taken over by alternatives on the [[internet]] towards the end of the 20th century. ...

...er source|date=September 2018}} This application structure was popularized by [[file sharing]] systems like [[Napster]], the first of its kind in the lat ...is open to participation and use to the widest possible number (as defined by [[Yochai Benkler]], in his essay Coase's Penguin);<ref>{{cite journal | url ...

...[[email]] and the [[World Wide Web]]. Internet access is offered for sale by an international hierarchy of [[Internet service provider]]s (ISPs) using v ...y consumers in developed nations used faster [[broadband]] technology, and by 2014, 41 percent of the world's population had access,<ref>{{Cite book|titl ...

...m-oss/CerfHowInternetCame2B.html|title=How the Internet Came to Be|author1=by Vinton Cerf, as told to Bernard Aboba|date=1993|access-date=25 September 20 ...o-host protocol was specified by a group of graduate students at UCLA, led by [[Steve Crocker]], along with [[Jon Postel]] and [[Vint Cerf]]. The ARPANET ...

...he entire 7079 MW nameplate generation capacity of the dam is accommodated by these six circuits.]] ...lectric power requires high [[voltages]]. This reduces the losses produced by strong [[Electric current|currents]]. Transmission lines use either [[alter ...

...evolution]], which ended in the middle of the 19th century, was punctuated by a slowdown in important inventions before the Second Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution is followed by the [[Third Industrial Revolution]] starting in 1947. ...

...an [[antenna (radio)|antenna]] which radiates the waves. They are received by another antenna connected to a [[radio receiver]]. In addition to communica ...m [[radio beacon|navigational radio beacons]] whose position is known, and by precisely measuring the arrival time of the radio waves the receiver can ca ...

...he book, Burke wrote: "If we defined 'theology' as 'words about God', then by 'logology' we should mean 'words about words'". [[Logology (theology)|Burke ...Editor's Note", ''Polish Contributions to the Science of Science'', edited by Bohdan Walentynowicz, Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982, {{ISBN ...