Paper-ruling machine
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A paper-ruling machine is a device for ruling paper. In 1770, John Tetlow was awarded a patent for a "machine for ruling paper for music and other purposes."<ref>Woodcroft, Bennet (1854). Alphabetical Index of Patentees of Inventions: From March 2, 1617 (14 James I.) to October 1, 1852 (16 Victoriæ). Queen's Printing Office.</ref> William Orville Hickok invented an "improved ruling machine" in the mid-19th century.<ref>"Bookbinders' Specialties, Ruling Machine, O-A Striker Machine - The W.O. Hickok Manufacturing Company". 2016-01-26. Archived from the original on 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2021-01-04.</ref> As the device is designed for drawing lines on paper, it can produce tables and ruled paper.
The functionality of the machine is based on pens manufactured especially for the device. The pens have multiple tips side by side, and water-based ink is led into them along threads. It is possible to program stop-lines on the equipment by mounting pens on shafts equipped with cams that lower and raise them at predetermined points.<ref name="americanbookbindersmuseum">"The Pen Ruler". American Bookbinders Museum. 2016-09-24.</ref>
The spread of computerized accounting between the 1960s and 1980s significantly decreased the demand for accounting tables and ruled paper. Nowadays, their demand is primarily filled by using offset printing.<ref name="americanbookbindersmuseum"/>
