View source for Global Innovation Index

{{Short description|Index for innovation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}} {{Use British English|date=March 2016}} {{Use list-defined references|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox journal
| title         = Global Innovation Index
| italic title  = no
| cover         = GII Index 2022 Report Cover.png
| caption       = 
| former_name   = 
| abbreviation  = Glob. Innov. Index
| discipline    = 
| peer-reviewed = 
| language      = English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian, German, Korean, Portuguese, Japanese
| editor        = 
| publisher     = [[World Intellectual Property Organization]]
| country       = 
| history       = 2007–present
| frequency     = Annual
| openaccess    = 
| license       = CC BY 4.0
| impact        = 
| impact-year   = 
| ISSNlabel     = 
| ISSN          = 2263-3693
| eISSN         = 
| CODEN         = 
| JSTOR         = 
| LCCN          = 
| OCLC          = 
| website       = 
| link1         = https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/
| link1-name    = wipo.int/global_innovation_index
| link2         = https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/Home
| link2-name    = globalinnovationindex.org
| boxwidth      = 
}}
[[File:Global Innovation Index framework.jpg|thumb|Framework showing the elements of the index]]
The '''Global Innovation Index''' is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, [[innovation]], published by the [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO). It was started in 2007 by [[INSEAD]] and ''World Business'',{{r|jean|page=203}} a British magazine. Until 2021 it was published by WIPO, in partnership with [[Cornell University]], [[INSEAD]] and other organisations and institutions.{{r|matt|page=333|dbis}} It is based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources, including the [[International Telecommunication Union]], the [[World Bank]] and the [[World Economic Forum]].{{r|jean|page=203}}

== History ==
The index was started in 2007 by [[INSEAD]] and ''World Business'',{{r|jean|page=203}} a British magazine. It was created by [[Soumitra Dutta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Academic Network – Portulans Institute |url=https://portulansinstitute.org/academic-network/ |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=portulansinstitute.org}}</ref>

== Methodology ==
The index is computed by taking a simple average of the scores in two sub-indices, the Innovation Input Index and Innovation Output Index, which are composed of five and two pillars respectively. Each of these pillars describe an attribute of innovation, and comprise up to five indicators, and their score is calculated by the weighted average method.{{r|index2015}}

Since its inception in 2007, an increasing number of governments systematically analyze their annual GII results and design policy responses to improve their performance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republic Act No. 11293 : The Philippine Innovation Act declares the GII as a measure of innovation |url=https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2019/ra_11293_2019.html |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=lawphil.net}}</ref><ref>In July 2021, the Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters under the Prime Minister's Office in Japan decided on the Intellectual Property Promotion Plan 2021, setting forth a plan of annual action related to intellectual property for all ministries and agencies. In the first part of the plan, WIPO's GII is cited (p.5):https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/titeki2/kettei/chizaikeikaku20210713.pdf </ref><ref>The GII is also cited throughout the official Malaysian Government report, the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (RMK12): https://rmke12.epu.gov.my/en.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Resolution No. 01/NQ-CP on solutions for implementation of socio economic development plan in 2021 |url=https://english.luatvietnam.vn/resolution-no-01-nq-cp-dated-january-01-2021-of-the-government-on-major-tasks-and-solutions-guiding-the-realization-of-the-socio-economic-developmen-196535-doc1.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=LuatVietnam |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=17 September 2015|title=UK ranked as world-leader in innovation|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-ranked-as-world-leader-in-innovation|access-date=15 July 2016|publisher=Department for Business, Innovation & Skills}}</ref> The index is mentioned in a resolution on science, technology and innovation for [[sustainable development]] adopted on 19 December 2019 by the [[General Assembly of the United Nations]].{{r|un}}

The index has been criticized for giving excessive significance attributed to factors that aren’t integral to innovation. For instance, “''Ease of Paying Taxes''“, “''Electricity Output''“ (half-weightage) and ''“Ease of Protecting Minority Investors”'' are factors alongside “''Ease of Getting Credit''” and “''Venture Capital Deals''“.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Dašić|first1=Predrag|last2=Dašić|first2=Jovan|last3=Antanasković|first3=Dejan|last4=Pavićević|first4=Nina|chapter=Statistical Analysis and Modeling of Global Innovation Index (GII) of Serbia |date=2020|editor-last=Karabegović|editor-first=Isak|title=New Technologies, Development and Application III|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-46817-0_59|series=Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems|volume=128|language=en|location=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|pages=515–521|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46817-0_59|isbn=978-3-030-46817-0|s2cid=218917874|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== Themes ==
Every two years the GII covers a theme related to innovation which goes beyond the innovation rankings. In 2020, the theme was “Who will finance innovation?” shedding light on the state of innovation financing by investigating the evolution of existing mechanisms and pointing to progress and remaining challenges. Previous GII themes covered health innovation, environmental innovation, agricultural and food innovation, and others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/series/index.jsp?id=129 |title=Publications: Global Innovation Index |publisher=Wipo.int |date= |accessdate=2022-05-08}}</ref>

== Ranking ==
[[File:Movement in the GII top 10 between 2018 and 2022.png|thumb|Movement in the Global Innovation Index top 10 countries and territories between 2018 and 2022]]
The top 50 ranking for 2023:<ref>{{Cite web |last=WIPO |title=Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition |url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2023/index.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=www.wipo.int |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!GII rank
!Country/Territory
!Income group
rank
!Region
!Region rank
|-
|1
|Switzerland
|1
|Europe
|1
|-
|2
|Sweden
|2
|Europe
|2
|-
|3
|United States
|3
|Northern America
|1
|-
|4
|United Kingdom
|4
|Europe
|3
|-
|5
|Netherlands
|5
|Europe
|4
|-
|6
|South Korea
|6
|East Asia
|1
|-
|7
|Singapore
|7
|Southeast Asia
|2
|-
|8
|Germany
|8
|Europe
|5
|-
|9
|Finland
|9
|Europe
|6
|-
|10
|Denmark
|10
|Europe
|7
|-
|11
|China
|1
|East Asia
|3
|-
|12
|France
|11
|Europe
|8
|-
|13
|Japan
|12
|East Asia
|4
|-
|14
|Hong Kong
|13
|East Asia
|5
|-
|15
|Canada
|14
|Northern America
|2
|-
|16
|Israel
|15
|Middle East
|1
|-
|17
|Austria
|16
|Europe
|9
|-
|18
|Estonia
|17
|Europe
|10
|-
|19
|Luxembourg
|18
|Europe
|11
|-
|20
|Iceland
|19
|Europe
|12
|-
|21
|Malta
|20
|Europe
|13
|-
|22
|Norway
|21
|Europe
|14
|-
|23
|Ireland
|22
|Europe
|15
|-
|24
|New Zealand
|23
|Oceania
|6
|-
|25
|Australia
|24
|Oceania
|7
|-
|26
|Belgium
|25
|Europe
|16
|-
|27
|Cyprus
|26
|Middle east
|2
|-
|28
|Italy
|27
|Europe
|17
|-
|29
|Spain
|38
|Europe
|18
|-
|30
|Czech Republic
|29
|Europe
|19
|-
|31
|United Arab Emirates
|30
|Middle east
|3
|-
|32
|Portugal
|31
|Europe
|20
|-
|33
|Slovenia
|32
|Europe
|21
|-
|34
|Hungary
|33
|Europe
|22
|-
|35
|Bulgaria
|2
|Europe
|23
|-
|36
|Malaysia
|3
|Southeast Asia
|8
|-
|37
|Turkey
|4
|Middle east
|4
|-
|38
|Poland
|34
|Europe
|24
|-
|39
|Lithuania
|35
|Europe
|25
|-
|40
|India
|1
|South Asia
|1
|-
|41
|Latvia
|36
|Europe
|25
|-
|42
|Greece
|37
|Europe
|26
|-
|43
|Thailand
|5
|Southeast Asia
|9
|-
|44
|Croatia
|38
|Europe
|27
|-
|45
|Slovakia
|6
|Europe
|1
|-
|46
|Vietnam
|39
|Southeast Asia
|28
|-
|47
|Romania
|7
|Europe
|30
|-
|48
|Saudi Arabia
|2
|Middle East
|1
|-
|49
|Brazil
|4
|South America
|1
|-
|50
|Qatar
|1
|Middle East
|2
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[International Innovation Index]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|45em|refs=

<ref name=dbis>{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-ranked-as-world-leader-in-innovation | title=UK ranked as world-leader in innovation | publisher=Department for Business, Innovation & Skills | date=17 September 2015 | access-date=15 July 2016}}</ref>

<ref name=index2015>Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent (editors) (2015). [https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=3978&plang=EN Global Innovation Index Report 2015]. Fontainebleau; Ithaca; Geneva: INSEAD, Cornell and WIPO. {{isbn|9782952221085}}. Archived 18 February 2016.</ref>

<ref name=jean>Jean-Eric Aubert (editor) (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=wRq3fB9Hwr8C&pg=PA203 ''Innovation Policy: A Guide for Developing Countries'']. Washington, DC: World Bank. {{ISBN|9780821382691}}.</ref>

<ref name=matt>Charles H. Matthews, Ralph Brueggemann (2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=f9gqBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 ''Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A Competency Framework'']. London; New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9780415742528}}.</ref>

<ref name=un>[https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N19/437/01/PDF/N1943701.pdf?OpenElement A/RES/74/229: Seventy-fourth session: Agenda item 20 (b): Globalization and interdependence: science, technology and innovation for sustainable development: Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2019]. Accessed December 2021.</ref>

}}

*{{CC-notice|cc=by4|url= https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/gii-2021-report}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* [https://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2015/09/global-innovation-rankings?fsrc=scn/fb/te/pe/ed/theinnovationgame Global innovation rankings: The innovation game]. ''[[The Economist]]''. September 17, 2015.
{{refend}}
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[[Category:Research]]
[[Category:International rankings]]
[[Category:Innovation]]
[[Category:World Intellectual Property Organization]]