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...n the fashion of a zipper). These metallic electrodes are deposited on the surface of a [[piezoelectric]] [[Wafer (electronics)|substrate]], such as [[quartz] IDTs primary function is to convert electric signals to [[surface acoustic wave]]s (SAW) by generating periodically distributed mechanical fo ...

...ace 10um.gif|thumb|255px|right|The [[Electric field|E-field]] of a Zenneck surface wave at an air-silver interface. <!--with almost the same wavelength as the ...h |editor1-last=Valone |editor1-first=Tom |chapter=Bell Labs and the Radio Surface Wave Propagation Experiment |title=Nikola Tesla's Electricity Unplugged: Wi ...

...units]]. Intensity is used most frequently with [[wave]]s such as acoustic waves ([[sound]]) or [[electromagnetic wave]]s such as [[light]] or [[radio wave] ...Vector (geometry)|vector]] has the units of power divided by area (i.e., [[surface power density]]). The intensity of a wave is proportional to the square of ...

...e D.C. resistance between electrodes placed on a two-dimensional resistive surface. This equivalence can be used in reverse to calculate the resistance betwe ===Calculating characteristic impedance from the surface resistance=== ...

...(water waves)|Frequency dispersion]] in groups of [[gravity wave]]s on the surface of deep water. The {{colorbull|#dd0000|square|size=150}} red square moves w New waves seem to emerge at the back of a wave group, grow in amplitude until they ar ...

...ectrical and electronic devices, the [[signal]]s travel as electromagnetic waves typically at [[Velocity factor#Typical velocity factors|50%–99% of the spee ==Electromagnetic waves== ...

...field]]s distribution as in the original problem. The internal fields and surface currents are chosen to enforce the [[Interface conditions for electromagnet ...on within an imaginary [[closed surface]] with an equivalent source on the surface. It is also known as '''field equivalence principle''',<ref name="Rengaraja ...

In [[physics]] and [[engineering]], '''surface power density''' is [[power (physics)|power]] per unit [[area]]. * The [[Intensity (physics)|intensity]] of [[electromagnetic waves|electromagnetic radiation]] can be expressed in W/m². An example ...

...</ref> refers to the phenomenon in which certain [[Radio propagation|radio waves can propagate]] in the space between the ground and the boundary of the [[i ...agation within the Earth–ionosphere waveguide. The ground wave and two sky waves are displayed]] ...

...t field]] near a sensor surface. After immobilizing a target to the sensor surface, analyte molecules in solution which bind to that target cause a small incr ...ction length with the sample, extremely high sensitivities with respect to surface refractive index can be achieved even at acquisition rates above 10Hz. Sinc ...

[[Image:Crnest.png|thumb|A sketch in k-space of a (001) section of the Fermi surface of Cr. The band structure of Cr yields an electron pocket (green) centered ...temperature]] of 311 K. Cr is a [[body-centered cubic]] metal whose Fermi surface features many parallel boundaries between electron pockets centered at <mat ...

...mponent of flux passing through the surface, multiplied by the area of the surface (see [[dot product]]). For this reason flux represents physically a flow '' * {{cite book|title=Mechanics, Vibrations and Waves|author=T.B. Arkill, C.J. Millar|publisher=John Murray |year=1974|isbn=0-719 ...

The '''reflectance''' of the surface of a [[material]] is its effectiveness in [[Reflection (physics)|reflect]]i The ''hemispherical reflectance'' of a surface, denoted {{mvar|R}}, is defined as<ref name="ISO_9288-1989">{{cite web| url ...

...(norm-beam or angle-beam), surface wave, plate waves such as SH and [[Lamb waves]], and all sorts of other bulk and guided-wave modes can be excited.<ref>R. ...AC magnetic field. When the test material is close to the EMAT, ultrasonic waves are generated in the test material through the interaction of the two magne ...

...) propagating along a metal-dielectric interface. The fields away from the surface die off exponentially (right hand graph) and those fields are thus describe ...al there is ''no'' net propagation of energy ''away'' from (or toward) the surface, so that one could properly describe the field as being "evanescent in the ...

*[[Surface force]] ...

...erence (wave propagation)|interference]], [[diffraction]], [[Polarization (waves)|polarization]], and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of [[g ...e field on a surface and then [[integral|integrating]] that field over the surface to calculate the transmitted or scattered field. This resembles the [[Born ...

...ICRH) is a technique in which [[Electromagnetic radiation|electromagnetic waves]] with frequencies corresponding to the ion cyclotron frequency is used to ...cles would heat up instead of cool down, when speeding away from the Sun's surface.<ref name="nasa">{{cite web|url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/scien ...

...e of the CMUT is varied. In this way, it works as a receiver of ultrasonic waves.<ref name=General>{{cite web|title=General Description and Advantages of CM ===Sacrificial release surface micromachining=== ...

...t=J. M. |last=Ziman |title=Electrons in Metals: A short Guide to the Fermi Surface |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=London |year=1963 |oclc=541173 }}</re ...urface of Copper measured with 2D ACAR.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Fig. 1: Fermi surface and electron mo&shy;mentum density of copper in the reduced zone schema mea ...