Century

"Centuries" redirects here. For other uses, see Century (disambiguation) and Centuries (disambiguation).

A century is a period of 100 years. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. The word century comes from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred. Century is sometimes abbreviated as c.<ref>"Oxford English Dictionary – List of Abbreviations".</ref>

A centennial or centenary is a hundredth anniversary, or a celebration of this, typically the remembrance of an event which took place a hundred years earlier.

A century from now will be 16:33, 21 December 2124 (UTC time).

Start and end of centuries

Although a century can mean any arbitrary period of 100 years, there are two viewpoints on the nature of standard centuries. One is based on strict construction, while the other is based on popular perception.

According to the strict construction, the 1st century AD began with AD 1 and ended with AD 100, the 2nd century spanning the years 101 to 200, with the same pattern continuing onward.<ref group="note">AD and CE year numbering, which are numerically equivalent, are now commonly used to number years, including those which occurred before these notations were invented; AD did not become widespread in Europe until early in the 2nd millennium.</ref> In this model, the n-th century starts with the year that ends with "01", and ends with the year that ends with "00"; for example, the 20th century comprises the years 1901 to 2000 in strict usage.<ref>"When Did the 21st Century Start?". timeanddate.com. Retrieved 23 November 2020.</ref>

In popular perception and practice, centuries are structured by grouping years based on sharing the 'hundreds' digit(s). In this model, the n-th century starts with the year that ends in "00" and ends with the year ending in "99";<ref>"century". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.</ref> for example, the years 1900 to 1999, in popular culture, constitute the 20th century.<ref>"Centuries and How to Refer to Them". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref> (This is similar to the grouping of "0-to-9 decades" which share the 'tens' digit.)

To facilitate calendrical calculations by computer, the astronomical year numbering and ISO 8601 systems both contain a year zero, with the astronomical year 0 corresponding to the year 1 BCE, the astronomical year -1 corresponding to 2 BCE, and so on.<ref>"Calendars". L.E. Doggett. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref><ref>"Year Dating Conventions". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref>

Strict vs Popular usage

Year	2 BC	1 BC	1	2	...	99	100	101	102	...	199	200	201	202	...	1899	1900	1901	1902	...	1999	2000	2001	2002	...	2024	...	2099	2100	2101	2102	...
Strict	1st century BC		1st century					2nd century					3rd century		...	19th century		20th century					21st century							22nd century		...
Popular	1st century BC		1st century				2nd century					3rd century			...	19th century	20th century					21st century							22nd century			...

Alternative naming systems

Informally, years may be referred to in groups based on the hundreds part of the year. In this system, the years 1900–1999 are referred to as the nineteen hundreds (1900s). Aside from English usage, this system is used in Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Finnish and Hungarian. The Swedish nittonhundratalet (or 1900-talet), Danish nittenhundredetallet (or nittenhundredetallet), Norwegian nittenhundretallet (or 1900-tallet), Finnish tuhatyhdeksänsataaluku (or 1900-luku) and Hungarian ezerkilencszázas évek (or 1900-as évek) refer unambiguously to the years 1900–1999. In Swedish, however, a century is in more rare cases referred to as det n-te seklet/århundradet ("the n-th century") rather than n-hundratalet, i.e. the 17th century is (in rare cases) referred to as 17:(d)e seklet/sjuttonde seklet rather than 1600-talet,<ref>"Decennium | svenska.se".</ref> and the years 1501 to 1600 is (according to Svenska Akademiens ordbok) referred to as sextonde århundradet ("the sixteenth century") and also distinctly separated from femtonhundratalet ("the 1500s"; the years 1500 to 1599).<ref>"Femton | SAOB | svenska.se".</ref>

Italian also has a similar system, but it only expresses the hundreds and omits the word for 'thousand'. This system mainly functions from the 11th to the 20th century:

il Quattrocento (that is 'the four hundred', the 15th century)

il Cinquecento (that is 'the five hundred', the 16th century).

These terms are often used in other languages when referring to the history of Italy.

Similar dating units in other calendar systems

While the century has been commonly used in the West, other cultures and calendars have utilized differently sized groups of years in a similar manner. The Hindu calendar, in particular, summarizes its years into groups of 60,<ref>"www.vedavidyalaya.com". Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.</ref> while the Aztec calendar considers groups of 52.<ref>"www.aztec-history.com". Retrieved 4 September 2013.</ref>

See also

• Age of Discovery
• Ancient history
• Before Christ
• Common Era
• Decade
• List of decades, centuries, and millennia
• Lustrum
• Middle Ages
• Millennium
• Modern era
• Saeculum
• Year

Bibliography

• The Battle of the Centuries, Ruth Freitag, U.S. Government Printing Office. Available from the Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250- 7954. Cite stock no. 030-001-00153-9. Retrieved 3 March 2019.