Encyclopedic knowledge
To have encyclopedic knowledge is to have "vast and complete"<ref>Encyclopedic on vocabulary.com</ref> knowledge about a large number of diverse subjects. A person having such knowledge might, sometimes humorously<ref>"Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English".</ref> be referred as "a human encyclopedia" or "a walking encyclopedia".<ref>Walking encyclopedia on The Free Dictionary</ref><ref>Walking encyclopedia on vocabulary.com</ref>
The concept of encyclopedic knowledge was once attributed to exceptionally well-read or knowledgeable persons such as Plato, Aristotle, Hildegard von Bingen, Leonardo da Vinci, Immanuel Kant, or G. W. F. Hegel. Tom Rockmore described Hegel, for example, as a polymath and "a modern Aristotle, perhaps the last person to know everything of value that was known during his lifetime."<ref>Rockmore, Tom (1997). On Art, Religion, and the History of Philosophy: Introductory Lectures by G.W.F. Hegel. Introduction: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. p. ix. ISBN 0-87220-370-0. OCLC 37282048.</ref> Such persons are generally described as such based on their deep cognitive grasp of multiple and diverse fields of inquiry—an intellectually exceptional subset of philosophers who might also be differentiated from the multi-talented, the genius, or the "Renaissance man."
References in popular culture
The idea of encyclopedic knowledge has made many appearances in popular culture, being especially widespread in detective fiction. In 1887, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle introduced his fictional master sleuth, Sherlock Holmes, who applied his keen deductive acumen and prodigious range of knowledge to solve his cases. Encyclopedia Brown is a series of books by Donald J. Sobol featuring the adventures of boy detective Leroy Brown, nicknamed "Encyclopedia" for his intelligence and range of knowledge that was first published in 1963.
One of the most celebrated is the fictional Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by the late Douglas Adams which began its evolution through numerous mediums as a British radio program in 1978.<ref>Adams, Douglas (1979). The hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy (1st ed.). New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 1400052920.</ref> In 2004, NPR contributor A. J. Jacobs published The Know-It-All, about his experience reading the entire Encyclopædia Britannica from start to finish.<ref>Jacobs, A.J. (2004). The know-it-all : one man's humble quest to become the smartest person in the world (1st Simon & Schuster paperback ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0743250605.</ref>
Domain-specific
While deep encyclopedic knowledge across numerous fields of inquiry by a single person is no longer feasible, encyclopedic knowledge within a field of inquiry or topic has great historical precedent and is still often ascribed to individuals. For example, it has been said of Raphael Lemkin that "his knowledge of the logic behind the Nazi war machine was encyclopedic."<ref>Winter, Jay (June 7, 2013). "Prophet Without Honors". The Chronicle Review: B14. Retrieved 10 June 2013.</ref>
In 1900, Alexander Graham Bell, who set out to read the entire Encyclopædia Britannica himself,<ref>Pauly, Philip J. (1979). "The World and All That is in It: The National Geographic Society, 1888-1918". American Quarterly. 31 (4): 523. doi:10.2307/2712270. JSTOR 2712270.</ref> served as the second president of the National Geographic Society and declared the Society should cover "the world and all that is in it."<ref>"National Geographic Image Collection". National Geographic Magazine. NationalGeographic.com. Archived from the original on October 15, 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2013.</ref> While this goal sounds all-encompassing, it is in fact a statement towards comprehensive geographic knowledge, meaning the scope of the National Geographic Society's enterprise should attempt to be terrestrially unbounded.
In an era of specialization, be it academic or functional or epistemological, obtaining domain-specific encyclopedic knowledge as an expert is typically celebrated and often rewarded by institutions in modern society. (This appreciation for having extensive niche knowledge, however, should not be confused with the historical experimentation and debate surrounding the division of labor which has been argued to limit the knowledge of workers compelled to perform repetitive tasks for the sake of an overall increase in economic productivity.)
Views
Edward Said, in his seminal postcolonial work, Orientalism, examines the encyclopedic endeavor in great detail, saying it is an historically hegemonic enterprise. Orientalists' "unremitting ambition was to master all of a world, not some easily delimited part of it such as an author or a collection of texts."<ref>Said, Edward (1978). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books. p. 109. ISBN 0-394-74067-X. OCLC 4831769.</ref>
