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...evelopment of the [[steam engine]] propelled the [[Industrial Revolution]] in [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] and the world. The ...lted in great social changes outside the political sphere, such as changes in mores, culture, philosophy or technology. Many have been global, while othe ...

{{redirect|Centuries||Century (disambiguation)|and|Centuries (disambiguation)}} ...century'' comes from the [[Latin]] ''centum'', meaning ''one hundred''. ''Century'' is sometimes abbreviated as '''c.'''<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://public.o ...

...k outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion. ...1847, minister [[Emanuel Vogel Gerhart]] spoke of the role of the scholar in society: ...

...land]], [[Sweden]]: Iron—as a new material—initiated a dramatic revolution in technology, economy, society, warfare and politics.]] ...plication|application]] and [[diffusion]] typically cause an abrupt change in society. ...

[[Image:Magnetite Lodestone.jpg|thumb|Lodestone in the [[National Gem and Mineral Collection#Hall of Geology, Gems, and Minera ...ance to early [[navigation]] is indicated by the name ''lodestone'', which in [[Middle English]] means "course stone" or "leading stone",<ref>{{cite ency ...

...se of the [[Industrial Revolution]] which started near the end of the 19th century (also called the [[Second Industrial Revolution]]).<ref>{{cite web |first1= ...hes, and small organizations, where revolutionarily economical copying was in demand for the production of newsletters and worksheets. Self-publishers a ...

...ower]] and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks. Power engineering draws the majo ...f the Pearl Street Station, the first steam-powered electric power station in New York City]] ...

...ticles/leonard_irish_times_18feb05.html |archive-date=27 March 2009 |title=Europe: the new superpower |work=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref>< ...ps://www.wsj.com/articles/blinken-to-address-u-s-rivalry-with-china-russia-in-senate-hearing-11611069439?mod=article_inline}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title ...

[[File:Gdansk tramwaj konny.jpg|thumb|right|A ''horse tram'' ([[horsecar]]) in [[Danzig]], [[Germany]] (present day [[Gdańsk]], [[Poland]])]] ...[[automobile]]s and other forms of self-propelled transport but are still in use today. ...

...ower of the [[Stiftskirche (Tübingen)|Tuebingen Collegiate church]] (shown in image).<ref>[http://www.posaunenchor-tuebingen.de/pages/ueber-uns.php Posau ...the top of a tower. It can also designate the music composed for or played in such a performance. ...

...le Columbia launching.jpg|thumb|320px|Control systems play a critical role in [[space flight]].]] ...[[control theory]] to design equipment and systems with desired behaviors in control environments.<ref name="Case Western Reserve University">{{cite web ...

...y technology, which technological tools are in turn employed to cope with, in order to provide direction and purpose for society and individuals.<ref>[[# ...y to be the most recent of three kinds of cultures distinguished by shifts in their attitude towards technology – tool-using cultures, technocracies, and ...

...jpg|thumb|283x283px|[[Benjamin Franklin]] is one of the foremost polymaths in history. Franklin was a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, p ...e Polymathia tractatio: integri operis de studiis veterum}}) was published in 1603 by [[Johann von Wowern]], a Hamburg philosopher.<ref name="auto">{{cit ...

...y.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|World map showing the percentage of the population in each country with access to mains electricity (as of 2017), a measure of th ...that is delivered to homes and businesses through the [[electrical grid]] in many parts of the world. People use this electricity to power everyday item ...

* 28th century BC – [[Ancient Egypt]]ian texts describe [[electric fish]]. They refer to t * 6th century BC – [[Greek philosophy|Greek]] philosopher [[Thales of Miletus]] observes ...

* [[Laboratory]] – facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. * [[Objectivity (science)|Objectivity]] – the idea that scientists, in attempting to uncover truths about the natural world, must aspire to elimin ...

...the real [[political power]] is vested in the head of government. This is in contrast to a presidential system, which features a president who is usuall ...is also head of state, but is elected by and is answerable to parliament. In [[Bicameral legislature|bicameral]] parliaments, the head of government is ...

...ption|Fundamental physical law – electric charge is continuously conserved in space and time}} ...charge conservation''' is the principle that the total [[electric charge]] in an [[isolated system]] never changes.<ref name=PurcellMorin>{{Cite book ...

[[File:Alter Strom.jpg|thumb|The Alter Strom, in the sea resort of [[Warnemünde]], Germany]] [[File:IMG RoyalCanalnrKinnegad5706w.jpg|thumb|The [[Royal Canal]] in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]]] ...

[[Totalitarian government]]s have, in the past, manipulated and applied anti-intellectualism to repress [[politic ...The new rulers of Cambodia call 1975 '''"Year Zero"''', the dawn of an age in which there will be no families, no sentiment, no expressions of love or gr ...