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...effective stress|forces]] oppose the force of gravity and suspend the soil particle. ...ith an increase in [[pore pressure]] (of groundwater) leads to the loss of particle [[Cohesion (chemistry)|cohesion]], causing buildings or other objects on th ...

[[Category:Particle traps]] ...

...l potential]] (at zero temperature, this is the maximum kinetic energy the particle can have, i.e. [[Fermi energy]] <math>E_{\rm F}</math>) ...AR needs samples with a low vacancy concentration as they act as effective traps for positrons. In this way, the first determination of a ''smeared Fermi su ...

...03E |s2cid=35411253 }}</ref> Within the [[Standard Model]] of elementary [[particle physics]], such a [[dipole]] is predicted to be non-zero but very small, at ...ctrons directly, so it can only arise by quantum processes where [[virtual particle|virtual]] quarks are created, interact with the electron, and then are anni ...

...system may be any of these types such as processing tank, steam simulator, particle accelerator, or any other type of space that has an enclosed chamber to mai [[Particle accelerator]]s are the largest ultrahigh vacuum systems and can be up to ki ...

where <math>\nu _{\text{initial}}</math> is the initial velocity of the particle. This equation reduces to Child's Law for the special case of <math>\nu _{\ ...f the free charged particles in a vacuum, in which a field accelerates the particle. The proportionality factor between the magnitudes of the drift velocity, < ...

...based on the theories of [[Isaac Newton]], that heat was an indestructible particle that had mass. Clausius discovered that the non-usable energy increases as ...l mechanical level, this results due to the change in available volume per particle with mixing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ben-Naim|first1=Arieh|title=On the So ...

...st8=H. |date=2007 |title=Triboelectrification of pharmaceutical powders by particle impact |journal=International Journal of Pharmaceutics |volume=334 |issue=1 ...last2=Fowler |first2=J. F. |date=1958 |title=Triboelectricity and Electron Traps in Insulating Materials: Some Correlations |url= https://www.nature.com/art ...